%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% file ithyph.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% file ithyph.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % Prepared by Claudio Beccari e-mail beccari@polito.it % % Dipartimento di Elettronica % Politecnico di Torino % Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 % 10129 TORINO % % Copyright 1998, 2001 Claudio Beccari % % This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either % version 1 of the License, or any later version. % % \versionnumber{4.8d} \versiondate{2001/11/21} % % These hyphenation patterns for the Italian language are supposed to comply % with the Reccomendation UNI 6461 on hyphenation issued by the Italian % Standards Institution (Ente Nazionale di Unificazione UNI). No guarantee % or declaration of fitness to any particular purpose is given and any % liability is disclaimed. % % See comments and loading instructions at the end of the file after the % \endinput line % {\lccode`\'=`\' % Apostrophe has its own lccode so that it is treated % as a letter %>> 1998/04/14 inserted grouping % %\lccode23=23 % Compound word mark is a letter in encoding T1 %\def\W{^^W} % ^^W =\char23 = \char"17 =\char'27 % \patterns{ .a3p2n % After the Garzanti dictionary: a-pnea, a-pnoi-co,... .anti1 .anti3m2n .bio1 .ca4p3s .circu2m1 .di2s3cine %.e2x .fran2k3 .free3 .narco1 .opto1 .orto3p2 .para1 .poli3p2 .pre1 .p2s %.ri1a2 .ri1e2 .re1i2 .ri1o2 .ri1u2 .sha2re3 .tran2s3c .tran2s3d .tran2s3f .tran2s3l .tran2s3n .tran2s3p .tran2s3r .tran2s3t .su2b3lu .su2b3r .wa2g3n .wel2t1 a1ia a1ie a1io a1iu a1uo a1ya 2at. e1iu e2w o1ia o1ie o1io o1iu %u1u % %1\W0a2 1\W0e2 1\W0i2 1\W0o2 1\W0u2 '2 1b 2bb 2bc 2bd 2bf 2bm 2bn 2bp 2bs 2bt 2bv b2l b2r 2b. 2b'. 2b'' 1c 2cb 2cc 2cd 2cf 2ck 2cm 2cn 2cq 2cs 2ct 2cz 2chh c2h 2chb ch2r 2chn c2l c2r 2c. 2c'. 2c'' .c2 1d 2db 2dd 2dg 2dl 2dm 2dn 2dp d2r 2ds 2dt 2dv 2dw 2d. 2d'. 2d'' .d2 1f 2fb 2fg 2ff 2fn f2l f2r 2fs 2ft 2f. 2f'. 2f'' 1g 2gb 2gd 2gf 2gg g2h g2l 2gm g2n 2gp g2r 2gs 2gt 2gv 2gw 2gz 2gh2t 2g. 2g'. 2g'' 1h 2hb 2hd 2hh hi3p2n h2l 2hm 2hn 2hr 2hv 2h. 2h'. 2h'' 1j 2j. 2j'. 2j'' 1k 2kg 2kf k2h 2kk k2l 2km k2r 2ks 2kt 2k. 2k'. 2k'' 1l 2lb 2lc 2ld 2l3f2 2lg l2h 2lk 2ll 2lm 2ln 2lp 2lq 2lr 2ls 2lt 2lv 2lw 2lz 2l. 2l'. 2l'' 1m 2mb 2mc 2mf 2ml 2mm 2mn 2mp 2mq 2mr 2ms 2mt 2mv 2mw 2m. 2m'. 2m'' 1n 2nb 2nc 2nd 2nf 2ng 2nk 2nl 2nm 2nn 2np 2nq 2nr 2ns 2nt 2nv 2nz n2g3n 2nheit. 2n. 2n' 2n'' 1p 2pd p2h p2l 2pn 3p2ne 2pp p2r 2ps 3p2sic 2pt 2pz 2p. 2p'. 2p'' 1q 2qq 2q. 2q'. 2q'' 1r 2rb 2rc 2rd 2rf r2h 2rg 2rk 2rl 2rm 2rn 2rp 2rq 2rr 2rs 2rt rt2s3 2rv 2rx 2rw 2rz 2r. 2r'. 2r'' 1s2 2shm 2s3s s4s3m 2s3p2n 2stb 2stc 2std 2stf 2stg 2stm 2stn 2stp 2sts 2stt 2stv 2sz 4s. 4s'. 4s'' 1t 2tb 2tc 2td 2tf 2tg t2h t2l 2tm 2tn 2tp t2r 2ts 3t2sch 2tt 2tv 2tw t2z 2tzk 2tzs 2t. 2t'. 2t'' 1v 2vc v2l v2r 2vv 2v. 2v'. 2v'' 1w w2h wa2r 2w1y 2w. 2w'. 2w'' 1x 2xt 2xw 2x. 2x'. 2x'' y1ou y1i 1z 2zb 2zd 2zl 2zn 2zp 2zt 2zs 2zv 2zz 2z. 2z'. 2z'' .z2 }} % Pattern end \endinput %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Information %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% LOADING THESE PATTERNS These patterns, as well as those for any other language, do not become effective until they are loaded in a special form into a format file; this task is performed by the TeX initializer; any TeX system has its own initializer with its special way of being activated. Before loading these patterns, then, it is necessary to read very carefully the instructions that come with your TeX system. Here I describe how to load the patterns with the freeware TeX system named MiKTeX version 2.x for Windows 9x, NT, 2000, XP; with minor changes the whole procedure is applicable with other TeX systems, but the details must be deduced from your TeX system documentation at the section/chapter "How to build or to rebuild a format file". With MikTeX: a) copy this file and replace the existing file ithyph.tex in the directory \texmf\tex\generic\hyphen if the existing one has an older version date and number. b) select Start|Programs|MiKTeX|MiKTeX options. c) in the Language tab add a check mark to the line concerning the Italian language. d) in the Geneal tab click "Update format files". e) That's all! For the activation of these patterns with the specific Italian typesetting features, use the babel package as this: \documentclass{article} % Or whatever other class \usepackage[italian]{babel} ... \begin{document} ... \end{document} ON ITALIAN HYPHENATION I have been working on patterns for the Italian language since 1987; in 1992 I published C. Beccari, "Computer aided hyphenation for Italian and Modern Latin", TUG vol. 13, n. 1, pp. 23-33 (1992) which contained a set of patterns that allowed hyphenation for both Italian and Latin; a slightly modified version of the patterns published in the above paper is contained in LAHYPH.TEX available on the CTAN archives. From the above patterns I extracted the minimum set necessary for hyphenating Italian that was made available on the CTAN archives with the name ITHYPH.tex the version number 3.5 on the 16th of August 1994. The original pattern set required 37 ops; being interested in a local version of TeX/LaTeX capable of dealing with half a dozen languages, I wanted to reduce memory occupation and therefore the number of ops. Th new version (4.0 released in 1996) of ITHYPH.TEX is much simpler than version 3.5 and requires just 29 ops while it retains all the power of version 3.5; it contains many more new patterns that allow to hyphenate unusual words that generally have a root borrowed from a foreign language. Updated versions 4.x contain minor additions and the number of ops is increased to 30 (version 4.7 of 1998/06/01). This new pattern set has been tested with the same set of difficult Italian words that was used to test version 3.5 and it yields the same results (a part a minor change that was deliberately introduced so as to reduce the typographical hyphenation with hyathi, since hyphenated hyathi are not appreciated by Italian readers). A new enlarged word set for testing purposes gets correct hyphen points that were missed or wrongly placed with version 3.5, although no error had been reported, because such words are of very specialized nature and are seldom used. As the previous version, this new set of patterns does not contain any accented character so that the hyphenation algorithm behaves properly in both cases, that is with cm and with dc/ec fonts. With LaTeXe terminology the difference is between OT1 and T1 encodings; with the former encoding fonts do not contain accented characters, while with the latter accented characters are present and sequences such as \`a map directly to slot "E0 that contains "agrave". Of course if you use dc/ec fonts (or any other real or virtual font with T1 encoding) you get the full power of the hyphenation algorithm, while if you use cm fonts (or any other real or virtual font with OT1 encoding) you miss some possible break points; this is not a big inconvenience in Italian because: 1) The Regulation UNI 6015 on accents specifies that compulsory accents appear only on the ending vowel of oxitone words; this means that it is almost indifferent to have or to miss the dc/ec fonts because the only difference consists in how TeX evaluates the end of the word; in practice if you have these special facilities you get "qua-li-t\`a", while if you miss them, you get "qua-lit\`a" (assuming that \righthyphenmin > 1). 2) Optional accents are so rare in Italian, that if you absolutely want to use them in those rare instances, and you miss the T1 encoding facilities, you should also provide explicit discretionary hyphens as in "s\'e\-gui\-to". There is no explicit hyphenation exception list because these patterns proved to hyphenate correctly a very large set of words suitably chosen in order to test them in the most heavy circumstances; these patterns were used in the preparation of a number of books and no errors were discovered. Nevertheless if you frequently use technical terms that you want hyphenated differently from what is normally done (for example if you prefer etymological hyphenation of prefixed and/or suffixed words) you should insert a specific hyphenation list in the preamble of your document, for example: \hyphenation{su-per-in-dut-to-re su-per-in-dut-to-ri} Should you find any word that gets hyphenated in a wrong way, please, AFTER CHECKING ON A RELIABLE MODERN DICTIONARY, report to the author, preferably by e-mail. Happy multilingual typesetting !