@Article{Kirchhoff:2004:MeCOAi,
               author = "{Boian C} and Kirchhoff, Volker Walter Johann Heinrich",
          affiliation = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Divis{\~a}o de 
                         Geof{\'{\i}}sica Espacial (INPE-DGE)",
                title = "Measurements of CO in an aircraft experiment and their correlation 
                         with biomass burning and air mass origin in South America",
              journal = "Atmospheric Environment",
                 year = "2004",
               volume = "38",
               number = "37",
                pages = "6337--6347",
                month = "Dec.",
             keywords = "biomass burning, aircraft measurements, carbon monoxide, fire 
                         pixels, air mass transport / BRAZIL SCAR-Bv FIELD EXPERIMENT DRY 
                         SEASON, TRACE, RADIATION, TRANSPORT, CLOUDS, SMOKE.",
             abstract = "Carbon monoxide (CO) measurements are obtained in an aircraft 
                         experiment during 1-7 September 2000, conducted over Central 
                         Brazil in a special region of anticyclonic circulation. This is a 
                         typical transport regime during the dry season (July September), 
                         when intense biomass burning occurs, and which gives origin to the 
                         transport of burning poluents from the source to distant regions. 
                         This aircraft experiment included in situ measurements of CO 
                         concentrations in three different scenarios: (1) areas of fresh 
                         biomass burning air masses, or source areas; (2) areas of aged 
                         biomass burning air masses; and (3) areas of clean air or pristine 
                         air masses. The largest CO concentrations were of the order of 
                         450ppbv in the source region near Conceicao do Araguaia (PA), and 
                         the smallest value near 100 ppbv, was found in pristine air 
                         masses, for example, near the northeast coastline (clean air, or 
                         background region). The observed concentrations were compared to 
                         the number of fire pixels seen by the AVHRR satellite instrument. 
                         Backward isentropic trajectories were used to determine the origin 
                         of the air masses at each sampling point. From the association of 
                         the observed CO mixing ratios, fire pixels and air mass 
                         trajectories, the previous scenarios may be subdivided as follows: 
                         (1a) source regions of biomass burning with large CO 
                         concentrations; (1b) regions with few local fire pixels and 
                         absence of contributions by transport. Areas with these 
                         characteristics include the northeast region of Brazil; (1c) 
                         regions close to the source region and strongly affected by 
                         transport (region of Para and Amazonas); (2) regions that have a 
                         consistent convergence of air masses, that have traveled over 
                         biomass burning areas during a few days (western part of the 
                         Cerrado region); (3a) Pristine air masses with origin from the 
                         ocean; (3b) regions with convergent transport that has passed over 
                         areas of no biomass burning, such as frontal weather systems in 
                         the southern regions. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 
                         .",
           copyholder = "SID/SCD",
                 issn = "1352-2310",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "measurement aircraft.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "23 maio 2024"
}