@Article{ShiokawaOESKIOIMS:2002:ImObEq,
               author = "Shiokawa, K. and Otsuka, Y. and Ejiri, M. K. and Sahai, Yogeshwar 
                         and Kadota, T. and Ihara, C. and Ogawa, T. and Igarashi, K. and 
                         Miyazaki, S. and Saito, A",
                title = "Imaging observations of the equatorward limit of midlatitude 
                         traveling ionospheric disturbances",
              journal = "Revista Eletr{\^o}nica da Faculdade de Farm{\'a}cia",
                 year = "2002",
               volume = "54",
               number = "1",
                pages = "57--62",
             keywords = "AERONOMIA, disturbios ionosf{\'e}ricos, regi{\~o}es temperadas, 
                         aeroluminesc{\^e}ncia, ionospheric disturbances, temperate 
                         regions, airglow.",
             abstract = "This paper reports the first attempt to observe the equatorward 
                         limit of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs)in 
                         the middle latitudes. The TIDs usually propagate southwestward in 
                         the northern hemisphere. An all-sky cooled-CCD imager measured 
                         630-nm airglow at a southern island of Japan, Okinawa 
                         (26.9degreesN, 128.3degreesE, geomagnetic latitude (MLAT)= 
                         17.0degrees), during the FRONT-2 campaign of August 4-15, 1999. 
                         The TIDs were detected at the mainland of Japan (similar 
                         to21degrees-36degrees MLAT)by the total electron content 
                         (TEC)observations of more than 1000 GPS receivers. In the August 4 
                         event, the TIDs moving southwestward was seen only in the northern 
                         sky of Okinawa as a depletion band in the 630-nm airglow images. 
                         In the August 6 event, the TIDs were not seen in the 630-nm images 
                         at Okinawa, although weak TID activity was observed by the GPS 
                         network at the mainland of Japan. The TEC data also showed 
                         weakening of the TID activity below 18degrees MLAT. Based on these 
                         observations, we suggest that there is a possible limit of 
                         medium-scale TID propagation around similar to18degrees MLAT.",
                 issn = "1808-0804",
                label = "9844",
           targetfile = "shiokawa.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "20 maio 2024"
}