@Article{RenóNovSueRenSil:2011:AsDeLo,
               author = "Ren{\'o}, Vivian F. and Novo, Evlyn M{\'a}rcia Le{\~a}o de 
                         Moraes and Suemitsu, Chieno and Renn{\'o}, Camilo Daleles and 
                         Silva, Thiago S. F.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and UFPA-Universidade 
                         Federal do Par{\'a}, Campus de Santar{\'e}m. Avenida Marechal 
                         Rondon s/n. 68040-070, Santar{\'e}m-PA, Brazil and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Assessment of deforestation in the Lower Amazon floodplain using 
                         historical Landsat MSS/TM imagery",
              journal = "Remote Sensing of Environment",
                 year = "2011",
               volume = "115",
               number = "12",
                pages = "3446--3456",
                month = "Dec.",
             keywords = "Amazon, Deforestation, Floodplain forest, Land cover change, 
                         Landsat, Object-oriented analysis.",
             abstract = "The floodplain forests bordering the Amazon River have outstanding 
                         ecological, economic, and social importance for the region. 
                         However, the original distribution of these forests is not well 
                         known, since they have suffered severe degradation since the 16th 
                         century. The previously published vegetation map of the Amazon 
                         River floodplain (Hess et al., 2003), based on data acquired in 
                         1996, shows enormous difference in vegetation cover classes 
                         between the regions upstream and downstream of the city of Manaus. 
                         The upper floodplain is mostly covered by forests, while the lower 
                         floodplain is predominantly occupied by grasses and shrubs. This 
                         study assesses deforestation in the Lower Amazon floodplain over a 
                         ~30 year period by producing and comparing a historical vegetation 
                         map based on MSS/Landsat images acquired in the late 1970s with a 
                         recent vegetation map produced from TM/Landsat images obtained in 
                         2008. The maps were generated through the following steps: 1) 
                         normalization and mosaicking of images for each decade; 2) 
                         application of a linear mixing model transformation to produce 
                         vegetation, soil and shade fraction-images; and 3) object-oriented 
                         image analysis and classification. For both maps, the following 
                         classes were mapped: floodplain forest, non-forest floodplain 
                         vegetation, bare soil and open water. The two maps were combined 
                         using object-level Boolean operations to identify time transitions 
                         among the mapped classes, resulting in a map of the land cover 
                         change occurred over ~30 years. Ground information collected at 
                         168 ground points was used to build confusion matrices and 
                         calculate Kappa indices of agreement. A survey strategy combining 
                         field observations and interviews allowed the collection of 
                         information about both recent and historical land cover for 
                         validation purposes. Kappa values (0.77, 0.75 and 0.75) indicated 
                         the good quality of the maps, and the error estimates were used to 
                         adjust the estimated deforested area to a value of 3457 km2 ± 1062 
                         km2 (95% CI) of floodplain deforestation over the ~30 years.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.008",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.008",
                 issn = "0034-4257",
                label = "lattes: 9857505876280820 2 Ren{\'o}NovSueRenSil:2011:AsDeLo",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Reno-RemSenEnv-1-s2.0-S0034425711002902-main[1].pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "17 jun. 2024"
}