@Article{BonillaShaLanAguCon:2021:NeNo,
               author = "Bonilla, Edgard and Shapiro, Brett and Lantz, Brian and Aguiar, 
                         Odylio Denys de and Const{\^a}ncio J{\'u}nior, M{\'a}rcio",
          affiliation = "{Stanford University} and {Stanford University} and {Stanford 
                         University} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} 
                         and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Noise requirements of the cryogenic shielding for next generation 
                         cryocooled gravitational wave observatories: Newtonian noise",
              journal = "Physical Review D",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "104",
               number = "12",
                pages = "e122005",
                month = "Dec.",
             keywords = "We explore the vibration isolation requirements imposed by 
                         Newtonian noise on the cryogenic shielding for next-generation 
                         gravitational-wave observatories relying on radiative cooling. Two 
                         sources of Newtonian noise from the shield arrays are analyzed: 
                         the tidal coupling from the motion of a shield segment to its 
                         nearby test mass's displacement, and the effect of density 
                         fluctuations due to heterogeneous boiling of cryogenic liquids in 
                         the vicinity of the test masses. It was determined that the outer 
                         shields require no additional vibration isolation from ground 
                         motion to mitigate the Newtonian noise coupling to levels 
                         compatible with the LIGO Voyager design. Additionally, it was 
                         determined that the use of boiling nitrogen as the heat sink for 
                         the cryogenic arrays is unlikely to create enough Newtonian noise 
                         to compromise the detector performance for either Voyager or 
                         Cosmic Explorer phase 2. However, the inherent periodicity of the 
                         nucleation cycle might acoustically excite structural modes of the 
                         cryogenic array which could contaminate the signals from the 
                         interferometer through other means. This last effect could be 
                         circumvented by using a single-phase coolant to absorb the heat 
                         from the cryogenic shields.",
                  doi = "10.1103/PhysRevD.104.122005",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.122005",
                 issn = "1550-2368 and 1550-7998",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "PhysRevD.104.122005.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "20 maio 2024"
}