@TechReport{AmaralIvaDurShiFis:2024:PaPrBi,
author = "Amaral, Silvana and Ivanauskas, Nat{\'a}lia Macedo and Durigan,
Giselda and Shirasuna, Regina Tomoko and Fisch, Simey Thury",
title = "Verifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o de campo das {\'a}reas mapeadas como
campo Cerrado no Vale do Para{\'{\i}}ba paulista -
participa{\c{c}}{\~a}o no projeto Biota Campos",
institution = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2024",
type = "RPQ",
number = "INPE-18813-RPQ/976",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
keywords = "Cerrado, fitogeografia, fisionomias campestres, Vale do
Para{\'{\i}}ba.",
abstract = "O Vale do Para{\'{\i}}ba, antes da ocupa{\c{c}}{\~a}o humana,
era parcialmente ocupado por vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o de Cerrado,
dadas as condi{\c{c}}{\~o}es de clima estacional e solos
{\'a}cidos e de baixa fertilidade do fundo do Vale, situado entre
duas cadeias montanhosas a Serra da Mantiqueira e a Serra do Mar,
com clima mais chuvoso e cobertas pela Mata Atl{\^a}ntica. Palco
dos diversos ciclos econ{\^o}micos baseados em agricultura,
pecu{\'a}ria e, mais recentemente, silvicultura, o Vale teve sua
vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o natural praticamente dizimada, restando
poucos remanescentes, cuja {\'a}rea exata ainda {\'e}
desconhecida. Quantificar essas {\'a}reas quando a
vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o {\'e} campestre {\'e} ainda mais
dif{\'{\i}}cil do que quando preservam vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o
arb{\'o}rea, dadas as limita{\c{c}}{\~o}es tecnol{\'o}gicas da
interpreta{\c{c}}{\~a}o de imagens de sensoriamento remoto para
diferenciar as gram{\'{\i}}neas ex{\'o}ticas das plantas
rasteiras nativas. Mapeamento recente apontou a exist{\^e}ncia de
39 fragmentos provavelmente ocupados por campo cerrado no Vale do
Para{\'{\i}}ba. A expedi{\c{c}}{\~a}o aqui reportada foi
realizada no {\^a}mbito do projeto tem{\'a}tico Fapesp Campos
naturais do Estado de S{\~a}o Paulo: diagn{\'o}stico, manejo e
conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o (Biota Campos, FAPESP, coordenado pelo
Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais - PA), com a
colabora{\c{c}}{\~a}o de pesquisadores de
institui{\c{c}}{\~o}es da regi{\~a}o (INPE e UNITAU). A
expedi{\c{c}}{\~a}o teve como objetivo verificar em campo a
vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o desses remanescentes, contribuindo para um
dos objetivos do projeto. Visitamos 28 desses remanescentes e
constatamos que apenas tr{\^e}s deles ainda preservam
vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o campestre nativa. Os tr{\^e}s fragmentos,
que totalizam apenas 24 ha, encontram-se sob forte amea{\c{c}}a
pela expans{\~a}o urbana e de infraestrutura e por
gram{\'{\i}}neas invasoras. A elevada biodiversidade (140
esp{\'e}cies amostradas) e a presen{\c{c}}a de esp{\'e}cies
vegetais amea{\c{c}}adas de extin{\c{c}}{\~a}o (5
amea{\c{c}}adas e 2 quase amea{\c{c}}adas) elevam a necessidade
de manejo conservacionista dessas {\'a}reas a um patamar de
extrema urg{\^e}ncia e prioridade. Adicionalmente, apontam para
oportunidade {\'u}nica de valoriza{\c{c}}{\~a}o dessas
{\'a}reas, seja pela cria{\c{c}}{\~a}o de Unidades de
Conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o, ou pela simples destina{\c{c}}{\~a}o
dessas {\'a}reas para uso p{\'u}blico
(contempla{\c{c}}{\~a}o), educa{\c{c}}{\~a}o ambiental e
pesquisa cient{\'{\i}}fica. Essas raras {\'a}reas
{\'{\i}}ntegras de campo natural remanescente podem ainda
funcionar como fontes de prop{\'a}gulos para a
restaura{\c{c}}{\~a}o de vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o campestre em
{\'a}reas que tenham sido degradadas na regi{\~a}o ou para a
conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o ex situ das esp{\'e}cies
amea{\c{c}}adas. ABSTRACT: The Para{\'{\i}}ba Valley, before
human occupation, was partially occupied by Cerrado vegetation,
given the seasonal climate conditions and acidic, lowfertility
soils at the bottom of the Valley, located between two mountain
ranges Serra da Mantiqueira and Serra do Mar, with a wetter
climate and covered by the Atlantic Forest. The scenario of
various economic cycles based on agriculture, livestock and, more
recently, forestry, the Valley had its natural vegetation
practically decimated, with a few fragmented remnants, whose total
cover is still unknown. Quantifying these remnants when the
vegetation is grassland is even more difficult than when they
preserve arboreal vegetation, given the technological limitations
of interpreting remote sensing images to differentiate exotic
grasses from the native plants of the ground layer. Recent mapping
showed the existence of 39 fragments probably occupied by Cerrado
grasslands in the Para{\'{\i}}ba Valley. The expedition reported
here was carried out within the scope of the Fapesp thematic
project Natural grasslands of the State of S{\~a}o Paulo:
diagnosis, management and conservation (Biota Campos, FAPESP,
coordinated by IPA), with the collaboration of researchers from
institutions in the region (INPE and UNITAU). The expedition aimed
to verify the vegetation of these remnants in the field,
contributing to one of the project's objectives. We visited 28 of
these remnants and found that only three of them still preserve
native grassland vegetation. The three fragments, totaling 24 ha,
are under strong threat from urban and infrastructure expansion
and invasive grasses. The high plant diversity (140 species
sampled) and the presence of plant species threatened with
extinction (5 threatened and 2 almost threatened) raise the need
for conservation management of these areas to a level of extreme
urgency and priority. In addition, points to a unique opportunity
to recognize the value of these areas, whether through the
creation of Conservation Units, or by the simple adaptation of
these areas for public use (contemplation), environmental
education, scientific research. These rare patches of native
grasslands can be also propagule sources for the restoration of
Cerrado grasslands that have been degraded in the region or for ex
situ conservation of the threatened species.",
affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
language = "pt",
pages = "31",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34T/4AQTD9P",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34T/4AQTD9P",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "04 jun. 2024"
}