@Article{FigueroaBKGMBFRSCSSPCAEDSCNBMP:2016:PeTrRa,
author = "Figueroa, Silvio Nilo and Bonatti, Jos{\'e} Paulo and Kubota,
Paulo Yoshi and Grell, Georg A. and Morrison, Hugh and Barros,
Saulo R. M. and Fernandez, Julio Pablo Reyes and Ramirez
Gutierrez, Enver Manuel Amador and Siqueira, Leo and Costa,
Graziela Luzia da and Silva, Josiane da and Silva, Juliana Resende
da and Pendharkara, Jayant and Capistrano, Vinicius Buscioli and
Alvim, D{\'e}bora Souza and Enor{\'e}, Diego Pereira and Diniz,
F{\'a}bio Luiz Rodrigues and Satyamurty, Prakki and Cavalcanti,
Iracema Fonseca de Albuquerque and Nobre, Paulo and Barbosa,
Henrique M. J. and Mendes, Celso Luiz and Panetta, Jairo",
affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto
Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de
Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA)} and {National Center for Atmospheric
Research} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and
{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto
Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {University of Miami}
and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and
{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto
Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de
Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas
Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
(INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and
{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto
Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de
Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas
Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and
{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto
Tecnol{\'o}gico de Aeron{\'a}utica}",
title = "The Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model (BAM): Performance for
tropical rainfall forecasting and sensitivity to convective scheme
and horizontal resolution",
journal = "Weather and Forecasting",
year = "2016",
volume = "31",
number = "5",
pages = "1547--1572",
keywords = "Convective parameterization, Forecast verification/skill,
Forecasting, General circulation models, Model
evaluation/performance, Models and modeling, Numerical weather
prediction/forecasting, Operational forecasting.",
abstract = "This article describes the main features of the Brazilian Global
Atmospheric Model (BAM), analyses of its performance for tropical
rainfall forecasting, and its sensitivity to convective scheme and
horizontal resolution. BAM is the new global atmospheric model of
the Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Research [Centro de
Previs{\~a}o de Tempo e Estudos Clim{\'a}ticos (CPTEC)], which
includes a new dynamical core and state-of-the-art
parameterization schemes. BAM's dynamical core incorporates a
monotonic two-time-level semi-Lagrangian scheme, which is carried
out completely on the model grid for the tridimensional transport
of moisture, microphysical prognostic variables, and tracers. The
performance of the quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs)
from two convective schemes, the Grell-D{\'e}v{\'e}nyi (GD)
scheme and its modified version (GDM), and two different
horizontal resolutions are evaluated against the daily TRMM
Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis over different tropical
regions. Three main results are 1) the QPF skill was improved
substantially with GDM in comparison to GD; 2) the increase in the
horizontal resolution without any ad hoc tuning improves the
variance of precipitation over continents with complex orography,
such as Africa and South America, whereas over oceans there are no
significant differences; and 3) the systematic errors (dry or wet
biases) remain virtually unchanged for 5-day forecasts. Despite
improvements in the tropical precipitation forecasts, especially
over southeastern Brazil, dry biases over the Amazon and La Plata
remain in BAM. Improving the precipitation forecasts over these
regions remains a challenge for the future development of the
model to be used not only for numerical weather prediction over
South America but also for global climate simulations.",
doi = "10.1175/WAF-D-16-0062.1",
url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-16-0062.1",
issn = "0882-8156",
language = "en",
urlaccessdate = "03 jun. 2024"
}