@Article{MarengoAlSoRoCaPaDi:2013:FlAmDr,
               author = "Marengo, Jos{\'e} Antonio and Alves, Lincoln Muniz and Soares, 
                         Wagner Rodrigues and Rodriguez, Daniel Andres and Camargo, Helio 
                         and Paredes Riveros, Marco and Diaz Pablo, Amelia",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Centro de Monitoramento e Alerta a 
                         Desastres} and {Servi{\c{c}}o Nacional de Meteorologia e 
                         Hidrologia del Peru} and {Servi{\c{c}}o Nacional de Meteorologia 
                         e Hidrologia del Peru}",
                title = "Two Contrasting Severe Seasonal Extremes in Tropical South America 
                         in 2012: Flood in Amazonia and Drought in Northeast Brazil",
              journal = "Journal of Climate",
                 year = "2013",
               volume = "26",
               number = "22",
                pages = "9137--9154",
                month = "Nov.",
             keywords = "Climate change, Climate classification, regimes, Climate 
                         prediction, Climate variability.",
             abstract = "Two simultaneous extreme events affected tropical South America to 
                         the east of the Andes during the austral summer and fall of 2012: 
                         a severe drought in Northeast Brazil and intense rainfall and 
                         floods in Amazonia, both considered records for the last 50 years. 
                         Changes in atmospheric circulation and rainfall were consistent 
                         with the notion of an active role of colder-than-normal surface 
                         waters in the equatorial Pacific, with above-normal upward motion 
                         and rainfall in western Amazonia and increased subsidence over 
                         Northeast Brazil. Atmospheric circulation and soil moisture 
                         anomalies in the region contributed to an intensified transport of 
                         Atlantic moisture into the western part of Amazonia then turning 
                         southward to the southern Amazonia region, where the Chaco low was 
                         intensified. This was favored by the intensification of 
                         subtropical high pressure over the region, associated with an 
                         anomalously intense and northward-displaced Atlantic high over a 
                         relatively colder subtropical South Atlantic Ocean. This pattern 
                         observed in 2012 was not found during other wet years in Amazonia 
                         such as 1989, 1999, and 2009. This suggests La Nina as the main 
                         cause of the abundant rainfall in western Amazonia from October to 
                         December, with wet conditions starting earlier and remaining until 
                         March 2012, mostly in northwestern Amazonia. The anomalously high 
                         river levels during the following May-July were a consequence of 
                         this early and abundant rainy season during the previous summer. 
                         In Northeast Brazil, dry conditions started to appear in December 
                         2011 in the northern sector and then extended to the entire region 
                         by the peak of the rainy season of February-May 2012.",
                  doi = "10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00642.1",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00642.1",
                 issn = "0894-8755",
                label = "isi 2013-11",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "15 jun. 2024"
}