@MastersThesis{Oliveira:2012:FaAsIn,
               author = "Oliveira, Fernando Pereira de",
                title = "Fatores associados {\`a} inicia{\c{c}}{\~a}o de linhas de 
                         instabilidade na regi{\~a}o do Centro de Lan{\c{c}}amento de 
                         Alc{\^a}ntara no m{\^e}s de julho",
               school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais",
                 year = "2012",
              address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
                month = "2012-02-17",
             keywords = "linha de instabilidade, Centro de Lan{\c{c}}amento de 
                         Alc{\^a}ntara, radiossondagem, modelagem, squall lines, 
                         Alc{\^a}ntara Launch Center, radiosonde, modeling.",
             abstract = "O presente trabalho objetivou identificar os fatores associados 
                         {\`a} inicia{\c{c}}{\~a}o de linhas de instabilidade costeiras 
                         (LIs) em julho que afetam a regi{\~a}o do Centro de 
                         Lan{\c{c}}amento de Alc{\^a}ntara (CLA; Alc{\^a}ntara, MA), 
                         localizado na costa norte do Brasil. Para 
                         identifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o subjetiva das ocorr{\^e}ncias de LIs, 
                         foram utilizadas imagens do sat{\'e}lite GOES no canal 
                         infravermelho de 1999 a 2009. Obteve-se a frequ{\^e}ncia 
                         m{\'e}dia de 9 LIs em julho, sendo que 6 ocorrem sobre a 
                         regi{\~a}o que se estende do Par{\'a} ao Cear{\'a} (ou seja, 
                         afetando a regi{\~a}o do CLA). Para esta regi{\~a}o (do 
                         Par{\'a} ao Cear{\'a}), foi elaborado um m{\'e}todo objetivo 
                         (MO) de identifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o de LIs baseado nas 
                         sa{\'{\i}}das do FORTRACC (\textit{Forecast and Tracking the 
                         Evolution of Cloud Clusters}) de 2004 a 2009. Com o uso do MO, a 
                         frequ{\^e}ncia m{\'e}dia foi de 6 LIs e houve boa 
                         correspond{\^e}ncia com os casos identificados subjetivamente. 
                         Utilizando estimativas de precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o do TRMM 
                         (\textit{Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission}) para a regi{\~a}o 
                         do CLA, constatou-se que cerca de 30\% da 
                         precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o de julho est{\'a} associada a eventos de 
                         LI. Com o uso de perfis verticais sobre o CLA para o hor{\'a}rio 
                         de 12 UTC obtidos de dados de radiossondagens e Rean{\'a}lises do 
                         ERA-Interim no per{\'{\i}}odo de 2004 a 2009, verificou-se que, 
                         para um dado dia de julho, maior umidade em baixos e m{\'e}dios 
                         n{\'{\i}}veis (700 e 500 hPa) e escoamento de nordeste em altos 
                         n{\'{\i}}veis (350 hPa) {\`a}s 12 UTC estariam associados 
                         {\`a} inicia{\c{c}}{\~a}o da LI no final da tarde ou 
                         in{\'{\i}}cio da noite. Constatou-se, por meio de 
                         simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es curtas (24 h) e longas (1 m{\^e}s), que o 
                         modelo regional MM5 {\'e} capaz de simular a forma{\c{c}}{\~a}o 
                         de LIs. As simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es curtas (longas) mostraram que a 
                         simula{\c{c}}{\~a}o de eventos de LI {\'e} pouco 
                         sens{\'{\i}}vel a diferentes fontes de dados ({\`a} 
                         condi{\c{c}}{\~a}o inicial). ABSTRACT: The main goal of this 
                         work is to identify the conditions related to the initiation of 
                         Squall Lines (LI) that affect the Alc{\^a}ntara Launch Center 
                         (CLA) region (located at Brazilīs northern coast) in July. 
                         Infrared GOES images for 1999-2009 were used to identify the 
                         occurrence of LI. It was found that over CLA region 6 LIs are 
                         formed in July and the average frequency was 9 LIs for the whole 
                         coast. An objective method (MO) of LI identification based on 
                         FORTRACC (Forecast and Tracking the Evolution of Cloud Clusters) 
                         output was developed. This method identifies the occurrence of LI 
                         in the region from Par{\'a} to Cear{\'a} States. For the period 
                         from 2004 to 2009, 6 LIs cases were identified using the MO, and 
                         there was good agreement with LI cases identified subjectively. 
                         Using the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) precipitation 
                         analyses, it was found that LI related rainfall accounts for about 
                         30\% of the precipitation in July at CLA. Vertical profiles over 
                         CLA from radiosounding and reanalysis (ERA-Interim) data were used 
                         to identify the conditions related to LIs initiation. It was found 
                         that higher humidity values at low and mid-levels (700 and 500 
                         hPa) and northerly circulation at high-levels (350 hPa) are 
                         related to LIs initiation. Short (24 h) and long term (1 month) 
                         simulations showed that the MM5 regional model is able to 
                         represent the frequency of LI cases. The short (long) term 
                         simulation was not sensitive to the data source (the initial 
                         condition).",
            committee = "Ferreira, Nelson Jesuz (presidente) and Oyama, Marcos Daisuke 
                         (orientador) and Sansigolo, Cl{\'o}vis Angeli and Cohen, Julia 
                         Clarinda Paiva",
           copyholder = "SID/SCD",
         englishtitle = "Conditions related to squall lines initiation in the 
                         Alc{\^a}ntara Launch Center region in July",
             language = "pt",
                pages = "99",
                  ibi = "8JMKD3MGP8W/3BATESB",
                  url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP8W/3BATESB",
           targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "30 jun. 2024"
}