@InProceedings{PintoPintCampNacc:2008:LaPeCu,
               author = "Pinto, Iara R. C. A. and Pinto J{\'u}nior, Osmar and Campos, 
                         Diovane R. and Naccarato, Kleber Pinheiro",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Large peak current cloud-to-ground lightning flashes in 
                         southeastern Brazil",
            booktitle = "Proceedings...",
                 year = "2008",
         organization = "International Lightning Detection Conference, 20.",
             abstract = "Large peak current cloud-to-ground (LPCCG) lightning flashes have 
                         significant effects on different areas. Many studies have shown a 
                         clear association between LPCCG of positive polarity and sprites 
                         and elves in the stratosphere and mesosphere. For instance, Lyons 
                         et al. (1998) report on the first climatology of LPCCG lightning 
                         flashes compiled from the U.S. National Lightning Detection 
                         Network (NLDN), arbitrarily defined as flashes with peak currents 
                         >75 kA. Analysis of 1.46 million LPCCG flashes from 14 summer 
                         months (199195), corresponding to 2.4\& of all flashes recorded, 
                         reveals distinct geographic differences in the distribution of 
                         positive and negative polarity. Positive LPCCG flashes were 
                         concentrated in the High Plains and upper Midwest, the region in 
                         which a large majority of optical sprite and elves observations 
                         have been obtained. By contrast, negative LPCCG preferentially 
                         occurred over the coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico and the 
                         southeastern United States. From the total of LPCCG flashes, only 
                         13.7% were positive. Almost 70% of the positive LPCCG flashes, 
                         however, occurred in the central United States (308508N, 
                         8881108W). The percentage of all LPCCG flashes that were positive 
                         approached 30% in the central United States compared to 4.5% for 
                         the remainder of the country. Lyons et al. (1998) suggest that 
                         these results contribute to obtain a better understanding of the 
                         climatology of LPCCG flashes, which will greatly assist in the 
                         design of global radio frequency remote sensing systems to study 
                         these phenomena.",
  conference-location = "Tucson, Arizona",
      conference-year = "21-23 apr.",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "large peak.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "16 jun. 2024"
}