@Article{CorreiaMakhRaulMaki:2013:MiLoRe,
               author = "Correia, Emilia and Makhmutov, Vladimir S and Raulin, Jean Pierre 
                         and Makita, Kazuo",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and Lebedev 
                         Physical Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia and CRAAM – Prebiterian 
                         Mackenzie University, SP, Brazil and Takushoku University, Tokio, 
                         Japan",
                title = "Mid- and low-latitude response of the lower ionosphere to solar 
                         proton events on January 2012",
              journal = "Journal of Physics: Conference Series",
                 year = "2013",
               volume = "409",
               number = "012186",
                pages = "1--4",
                 note = "23rd European Cosmic Ray Symposium, ECRS 2012 and 32nd Russian 
                         Cosmic Ray Conference; Moscow; Russian Federation; 3 July 2012 
                         through 7 July 2012; Code 95792",
             keywords = "cosmic noise absorption, riometer, solar protons.",
             abstract = "We present and discuss the ionosphere behavior under the impact of 
                         two X-ray solar flares (M8.7 and X1.7) that occurred on January 23 
                         and 27, respectively, and were accompanied by Solar Proton Events 
                         (SPEs). The ionosphere response to these solar phenomena was 
                         detected using riometers (30 and 38.2 MHz), ionosonde and VLF 
                         systems operating at the Comandante Ferraz Brazilian Station in 
                         Antarctica and at the Itapetinga Radio Observatory in S{\~a}o 
                         Paulo (SP)/Brazil. The results suggest the ionosphere was affected 
                         by both SPEs, as evidenced by absorption detected in the cosmic 
                         noise, F2 layer critical frequency and VLF amplitude measurements. 
                         These absorptions started before the beginning of the main Xray 
                         flare events and > 100 MeV proton events detected by GOES, 
                         suggesting the ionosphere was impacted by protons with energies 
                         above 2 GeV in Antarctica and above 10-12 GeV in SP as estimated 
                         from the particle geomagnetic rigidity (Rc) at each place. The 
                         results also suggest a long-lasting presence (hours) of high 
                         energy protons.",
                  doi = "10.1088/1742-6596/409/1/012186",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/409/1/012186",
                 issn = "1742-6588",
                label = "lattes: 1272123236892781 1 CorreiaMakhRaulMaki:2013:MiLoRe",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "1742-6596_409_1_012186.pdf",
                  url = "http://iopscience.iop.org/1742-6596/409/1/012186/",
        urlaccessdate = "16 jun. 2024"
}