@Article{GonzalezEchTsuGonDal:2011:InOrIn,
               author = "Gonzalez, Alicia Luisa Cl{\'u}a de and Echer, Ezequiel and 
                         Tsurutani, Bruce T. and Gonzalez, Alicia L. and Dal Lago, 
                         Alisson",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 
                         Pasadena, CA and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Interplanetary Origin of Intense, Superintense and Extreme 
                         Geomagnetic Storms",
              journal = "Space Science Reviews",
                 year = "2011",
               volume = "158",
               number = "1",
                pages = "69--89",
                month = "Jan",
                 note = "Setores de Atividade: Atividades profissionais, 
                         cient{\'{\i}}ficas e t{\'e}cnicas.",
             keywords = "Intense geomagnetic storms, Atividade Geomagnetica.",
             abstract = "We present a review on the interplanetary causes of intense 
                         geomagnetic storms (Dsta parts per thousand currency signa'100 
                         nT), that occurred during solar cycle 23 (1997-2005). It was 
                         reported that the most common interplanetary structures leading to 
                         the development of intense storms were: magnetic clouds, sheath 
                         fields, sheath fields followed by a magnetic cloud and corotating 
                         interaction regions at the leading fronts of high speed streams. 
                         However, the relative importance of each of those driving 
                         structures has been shown to vary with the solar cycle phase. 
                         Superintense storms (Dsta parts per thousand currency signa'250 
                         nT) have been also studied in more detail for solar cycle 23, 
                         confirming initial studies done about their main interplanetary 
                         causes. The storms are associated with magnetic clouds and sheath 
                         fields following interplanetary shocks, although they frequently 
                         involve consecutive and complex ICME structures. Concerning 
                         extreme storms (Dsta parts per thousand currency signa'400 nT), 
                         due to the poor statistics of their occurrence during the space 
                         era, only some indications about their main interplanetary causes 
                         are known. For the most extreme events, we review the Carrington 
                         event and also discuss the distribution of historical and space 
                         era extreme events in the context of the sunspot and Gleissberg 
                         solar activity cycles, highlighting a discussion about the 
                         eventual occurrence of more Carrington-type storms.",
                  doi = "10.1007/s11214-010-9715-2",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-010-9715-2",
                 issn = "0038-6308",
                label = "lattes: 7209946672198332 1 GonzalezEchTsuGonLag:2011:InOrIn",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "GonzalezA-SpaceSciRev-v158-n1-p69-89fulltext[1].pdf",
                  url = "http://www.springerlink.com/content/l515762587945q1k/",
        urlaccessdate = "29 jun. 2024"
}