@Article{FrançaFrCoPeRoGuSm:2012:ImClAn,
               author = "Fran{\c{c}}a, Marlon C. and Francisquini, Mariah I. and Cohen, 
                         Marcelo Cancela Lisboa and Pessenda, Luiz Carlos Ruiz and 
                         Rossetti, Dilce de F{\'a}tima and Guimar{\~a}es, Jos{\'e} Tasso 
                         F and Smith, Clarisse B.",
          affiliation = "Coastal Dynamics Laboratory, Post-Graduate Program in Geology and 
                         Geochemistry, Federal University of Par{\'a}, Av. Perimentral 
                         2651, Terra Firme, CEP: 66077-530, Bel{\'e}m (PA), Brazil and 
                         Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of 
                         S{\~a}o Paulo and Coastal Dynamics Laboratory, Post-Graduate 
                         Program in Geology and Geochemistry, Federal University of 
                         Par{\'a}, Av. Perimentral 2651, Terra Firme, CEP: 66077-530, 
                         Bel{\'e}m (PA), Brazil and {} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and Coastal Dynamics Laboratory, 
                         Post-Graduate Program in Geology and Geochemistry, Federal 
                         University of Par{\'a}, Av. Perimentral 2651, Terra Firme, CEP: 
                         66077-530, Bel{\'e}m (PA), Brazil and Coastal Dynamics 
                         Laboratory, Post-Graduate Program in Geology and Geochemistry, 
                         Federal University of Par{\'a}, Av. Perimentral 2651, Terra 
                         Firme, CEP: 66077-530, Bel{\'e}m (PA), Brazil",
                title = "The last mangroves of Maraj{\'o} Island Eastern Amazon: Impact of 
                         climate and/or relative sea-level changes",
              journal = "Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology",
                 year = "2012",
               volume = "187",
               number = "Article in Press",
                pages = "50--65",
                month = "Nov.",
             keywords = "Amazon coast, climate, holocene, palynology, sea level, 
                         vegetation.",
             abstract = "The dynamics, over the last 7500. years, of a mangrove at 
                         Maraj{\'o} Island in northern Brazil were studied by pollen and 
                         sedimentary facies analyses using sediment cores. This island, 
                         located at the mouth of the Amazon River, is influenced by 
                         riverine inflow combined with tidal fluctuations of the equatorial 
                         Atlantic Ocean. Herbaceous vegetation intermingled with rainforest 
                         dominates the central area of the island, while v{\'a}rzea is the 
                         main vegetation type along the littoral. In particular, the modern 
                         northeastern coastal zone is covered by a mosaic of dense 
                         rainforest, herbaceous vegetation, mangroves, v{\'a}rzea, and 
                         restinga. The integration of pollen data and facies descriptions 
                         indicates a tidal mud flat colonized by mangroves in the interior 
                         of Maraj{\'o} Island between ~. 7500. cal. yr BP and ~. 3200. 
                         cal. yr BP. During the late Holocene, mangroves retracted to a 
                         small area (100-700. m in width) along the northeastern coastal 
                         plain. Mangrove expansion during the early and mid Holocene was 
                         likely caused by the post-glacial sea-level rise which, combined 
                         with tectonic subsidence, led to a rise in tidal water salinity. 
                         Salinity must have further increased due to low river discharge 
                         resulting from increased aridity during the early and mid 
                         Holocene. The shrinking of the area covered by mangrove vegetation 
                         during the late Holocene was likely caused by the increase in 
                         river discharge during the late Holocene, which has maintained 
                         relatively low tidal water salinity in Maraj{\'o} Island. Tidal 
                         water salinity is relatively higher in the northeastern part of 
                         the island than in others, due to the southeast-northwest trending 
                         current along the littoral. The mixing of marine and riverine 
                         freshwater inflows has provided a refuge for mangroves in this 
                         area. The increase in flow energy during the last century is 
                         related to landward sand migration, which explains the current 
                         retraction of mangroves. These changes may indicate an increased 
                         exposure to tidal influence driven by the relative sea-level rise, 
                         either associated with global fluctuations or tectonic subsidence, 
                         and/or by an increase in river water discharge.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.08.007",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.08.007",
                 issn = "0034-6667",
                label = "lattes: 0307721738107549 4 Fran{\c{c}}aCoPeRoSmGu:2012:ImClAn",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "16 jun. 2024"
}