@Article{MelackHeGaFoHaLiNo:2004:ReMeEm,
               author = "Melack, John M. and Hess, Laura L. and Gastil, Mary and Forsberg, 
                         Bruce R. and Hamilton, Stephen K. and Lima, Ivan B. T. and Novo, 
                         Evlyn Marcia Leao de Moraes",
          affiliation = "Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of 
                         California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA and Institute for 
                         Computational Earth System Science, University of California, 
                         Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA and Depto. de Ecologia, Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil and 
                         Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Zoology, Michigan 
                         State University, 3700 E. Gull Lake Dr, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, 
                         USA and Divis{\~a}o de Sensoriamento Remoto, Instituto Nacional 
                         de Pesquisas Espaciais, C.P. 515, CEP 12201, S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} 
                         dos Campos, S{\~a}o Paulo, Brazil",
                title = "Regionalization of methane emissions in the Amazon Basin with 
                         microwave remote sensing",
              journal = "Global Change Biology",
                 year = "2004",
               volume = "10",
                pages = "530--544",
             keywords = "Amazon, biogeochemistry, carbon, methane, microwave remote 
                         sensing, wetlands.",
             abstract = "Wetlands of the Amazon River basin are globally significant 
                         sources of atmospheric methane. Satellite remote sensing (passive 
                         and active microwave) of the temporally varying extent of 
                         inundation and vegetation was combined with field measurements to 
                         calculate regional rates of methane emission for Amazonian 
                         wetlands. Monthly inundation areas for the fringing floodplains of 
                         the mainstem Solimoes/Amazon River were derived from analysis of 
                         the 37GHz polarization difference observed by the Scanning 
                         Multichannel Microwave Radiometer from 1979 to 1987. L-band 
                         synthetic aperture radar data (Japanese Earth Resources 
                         Satellite-1) were used to determine inundation and wetland 
                         vegetation for the Amazon basin (o500m elevation) at high 
                         (May-June 1996) and low water (October 1995). An extensive set of 
                         measurements of methane emission is available from the literature 
                         for the fringing floodplains of the central Amazon, segregated 
                         into open water, flooded forest and floating macrophyte habitats. 
                         Uncertainties in the regional emission rates were determined by 
                         Monte Carlo error analyses that combined error estimates for the 
                         measurements of emission and for calculations of inundation and 
                         habitat areas. The mainstem Solimoes/Amazon floodplain (54 01W) 
                         emitted methane at a mean annual rate of 1.3 TgCyr1, with a 
                         standard deviation (SD) of the mean of 0.3 TgCyr1; 67% of this 
                         range in uncertainty is owed to the range in rates of methane 
                         emission and 33% is owed to uncertainty in the areal estimates of 
                         inundation and vegetative cover. Methane emission from a 1.77 
                         million square kilometers area in the central basin had a mean of 
                         6.8 TgCyr1 with a SD of 1.3 TgCyr1. If extrapolated to the whole 
                         basin below the 500m contour, approximately 22 TgCyr1 is emitted; 
                         this mean flux has a greenhouse warming potential of about 0.5 PgC 
                         as CO2. Improvement of these regional estimates will require many 
                         more field measurements of methane emission, further examination 
                         of remotely sensed data for types of wetlands not represented in 
                         the central basin, and process-based models of methane production 
                         and emission.",
           copyholder = "SID/SCD",
                 issn = "1354-1013",
             language = "<end-of-file>",
           targetfile = "Regionalization of methane emissions in the 
                         Amazon.1365-2486.2004.00763.x.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "29 jun. 2024"
}