@Article{VieiraSilv:2006:GeMoCl,
               author = "Vieira, Lu{\'{\i}}s Eduardo Antunes and Silva, L{\'{\i}}gia 
                         Alves da",
          affiliation = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Divis{\~a}o de 
                         Geof{\'{\i}}sica Espacial (INPE.DGE) and Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais, Divis{\~a}o de Geof{\'{\i}}sica Espacial 
                         (INPE.DGE)",
                title = "Geomagnetic modulation of clouds effects in the Southern 
                         Hemisphere Magnetic Anomaly through lower atmosphere cosmic ray 
                         effects",
              journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
                 year = "2006",
               volume = "33",
               number = "14",
                pages = "L14802 (5pp)",
                month = "July",
             keywords = "global change, solar variability, climate variability, clouds and 
                         cloud feedbacks, global climate models, solar effects.",
             abstract = "The study of the physical processes that drive the variability of 
                         the Earth's climate system is one of the most fascinating and 
                         challenging topics of research today. Perhaps the largest 
                         uncertainties in our ability to predict climate change are the 
                         cloud formation process and the interaction of clouds with 
                         radiation. Here we show that in the southern Pacific Ocean cloud 
                         effects on the net radiative flux in the atmosphere are related to 
                         the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field through lower 
                         atmosphere cosmic ray effects. In the inner region of the Southern 
                         Hemisphere Magnetic Anomaly (SHMA) it is observed a cooling effect 
                         of approximately 18 W/m2 while in the outer region it is observed 
                         a heating effect of approximately 20 W/m2. The variability in the 
                         inner region of the SHMA of the net radiative flux is correlated 
                         to galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) flux observed in Huancayo, Peru (r 
                         = 0.73). It is also observed in the correlation map that the 
                         correlation increases in the inner region of the SHMA. The 
                         geomagnetic modulation of cloud effects in the net radiative flux 
                         in the atmosphere in the SHMA is, therefore, unambiguously due to 
                         GCRs and/or highly energetic solar proton particles effects.",
                  doi = "10.1029/2006GL026389",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026389",
                 issn = "0094-8276",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "grl21625.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "16 jun. 2024"
}