@Article{AbduMacBatSobJay:2003:MaEF,
               author = "Abdu, Mangalathayil Ali and MacDougall, J. W. and Batista, Inez 
                         Staciarini and Sobral, Jos{\'e} Humberto Andrade and 
                         Jayachandran, P. T.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {University 
                         of Western Ontario} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {University of Western Ontario}",
                title = "Equatorial evening prereversal electric field enhancement and 
                         sporadic E layer disruption: A manifestation of E and F region 
                         coupling",
              journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research",
                 year = "2003",
               volume = "108",
               number = "A6",
                pages = "1254 (13pp)",
                month = "June",
             keywords = "equatorial ionosphere, equatorial prereversal electric field, 
                         sporadic E-layer, E-layer winds, magnetic disturbances, E-F-region 
                         electrical coupling, spread-f, disturbance dynamo, plasma drifts, 
                         magnetospheric disturbances, american sector, ionosphere, 
                         velocities, winds, simulation, campaigns.",
             abstract = "An investigation of the evening prereversal enhancement in the 
                         equatorial zonal electric field (PRE) based on ionosonde data show 
                         that the PRE development process is coupled with the sporadic E 
                         layer formation in the evening over Fortaleza. Larger PRE 
                         amplitudes are associated with disruption of the Es layer, whereas 
                         for smaller PRE amplitudes such disruption does not occur, in 
                         general. The Es layer disruption does not occur also when the PRE 
                         amplitude decreases or is inhibited under a disturbance dynamo 
                         electric field. The disruption of these layers is followed by 
                         their reconstitution after a break of similar to3 hours. An 
                         examination of the relative role of the electric field and winds 
                         on ion velocity convergence process shows that the Es layer 
                         formation from a shearing (or height-independent and westward) 
                         zonal wind is directly influenced by a vertical electric field 
                         (but not by zonal electric field). Measurements of the Es patch 
                         zonal drift velocities by a digital ionosonde seem to support the 
                         role of a westward wind in the Es layer formation. The observed 
                         association between the PRE and Es layer disruption/formation is 
                         shown to arise from sunset-related vertical electric field 
                         development originating from the E and F region electrodynamic 
                         coupling processes. The results demonstrate the competing 
                         influences of the vertical electric field and the zonal wind in 
                         the evening Es layer processes. Since the PRE is responsible for 
                         the equatorial spread F (ESF) development, its relationship with 
                         the Es layer is discussed in the context of the day-to-day 
                         variability of the ESF.",
           copyholder = "SID/SCD",
                  doi = "10.1029/2002JA009285",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009285",
                 issn = "0148-0227 and 2156-2202",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "jgra16513.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "15 jun. 2024"
}