@InProceedings{MunakataYKKBEDJSSDS:2007:ObGlNe,
               author = "Munakata, Kazuo and Yasue, S. and Kato, C. and Kuwabara, Takao and 
                         Bieber, W. and Evenson, P. and Duldig, M. L. and Jumbles, J. E. 
                         and Schuch, Nelson Jorge and Silva, Marlos Rockenbach da and Dal 
                         Lago, Alisson and Sabbah, I.",
          affiliation = "{Shinshu University} and {Shinshu University} and {Shinshu 
                         University} and {University of Delaware} and {University of 
                         Delaware} and {University of Delaware} and {Australian Government 
                         Antarctic Division} and {University of Tasmania Hobart} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Space Weather Diagnosis using Cosmic Rays: Observation with a 
                         global network of Cosmic Ray Muon Detectors",
            booktitle = "Proceedings...",
                 year = "2007",
         organization = "6Th IGPP Annual International Astrophysics Conference",
             keywords = "Space Weather, Comics Rays, Muons Detectors.",
             abstract = "The galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity often shows a dramatic 
                         variation responding to the arrival of the interplanetary 
                         disturbances at the Earth. For instance, the Interplanetary 
                         Coronal Mass Ejections (ICME) accompanied by strong shock often 
                         forms a GCR depleted region behind the shock. The abrupt decrease 
                         of GCR density (i.e. the isotropic intensity), known as Forbush 
                         Decrease (FD), is recorded by ground-based detectors when the 
                         Earth enters the depleted region. In addition to the variation of 
                         GCR density, the ICME arrival also causes a systematic variation 
                         in the GCR streaming (i.e. the directional anisotropy of 
                         intensity). The magnitude of the streaming is small (of the order 
                         of 1 % or less in most cases), but the variation is significant. 
                         Since the variation reflects the spatial gradient of the GCR 
                         density in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the systematic 
                         variation of the streaming gives us important information on both 
                         the structures of the depleted region and the IMF. Muon detectors 
                         measure high-energy GCRs by detecting secondary muons produced 
                         from the hadronic interactions of primary GCRs (mostly protons) 
                         with the atmospheric nuclei. Since muons have relatively long 
                         life-time (about 2.2 microsecond) and can reach the detector at 
                         the ground level preserving the incident direction of primary 
                         particles, we can measure the GCR intensity in various directions 
                         with a multidirectional detector at a single location. In March 
                         2001, we constructed a prototype network of multidirectional 
                         detectors by installing a small detector in Brazil in addition to 
                         other two in Japan and Australia. By March 2006, the prototype 
                         network was upgraded by expanding the Brazilian detector in its 
                         size and also by putting an additional detector in operation at 
                         Kuwait City in Kuwait. This new global network, currently 
                         consisting of four detectors at Nagoya (Japan), Hobart 
                         (Australia), Sao Martinho (Brazil) and Kuwait City (Kuwait), can 
                         continuously monitor the GCR intensity in total 60 directional 
                         channels covering almost entire sky and can precisely measure the 
                         variation of the GCR streaming separately from the variation of 
                         the GCR density. In this paper, we summarize results derived from 
                         the observation using a prototype network and also report the 
                         initial performances of the new global network.",
  conference-location = "Hawaii, USA",
      conference-year = "March, 16-22 2007",
             language = "en",
                  url = "www2.nict.go.jp/y/y223/sept/IHY/UN_IHY2007/UN_IHYabstract.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "18 jun. 2024"
}