@InProceedings{TanajuraChouXueNobr:2002:ExETMo,
               author = "Tanajura, Clemente A. S. and Chou, Sin Chan and Xue, Yong Khang 
                         and Nobre, Carlos Afonso",
                title = "An experiment with the ETA/SSiB model to simulate the impact of 
                         the Amazon deforestation on the South American climate",
                 year = "2002",
         organization = "International LBA Scientific Conference, 2.",
             keywords = "METEOROLOGIA.",
             abstract = "An experiment to investigate the impact of the Amazon 
                         deforestation on the South American climate was performed with the 
                         regional Eta model coupled to the simplified version of Simple 
                         Biosphere model (SSiB). The model domain covered all South America 
                         up to 50 oS. The initial and lateral boundary conditions were 
                         provided by NCEP analyses. Three one-month integrations during 
                         November 1997 were done. The first integration had realistic 
                         vegetation mask. The others had the vegetation type over the 
                         Amazon changed from rain forest to savannah and grassland. All 
                         other variables, including initial soil moisture and boundary 
                         conditions, were kept the same as in the control run. Changing 
                         rainforest to savannah produced large decrease of precipitation in 
                         central and eastern Amazon. It also increased the canopy air 
                         temperature by more than 1 oC in the whole Amazon basin, with 
                         values of more than 5 oC in eastern Amazon. The differences also 
                         show increase of precipitation over the Rio de Janeiro area around 
                         22 oS. This region is located to the south of the area with 
                         decreased precipitation. The stationary and transient moisture 
                         transports were affected by the vegetation change, not only over 
                         the continent but also over the Southwestern Atlantic. This 
                         affected the simulated South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ), 
                         which depends on the Amazon precipitation and is responsible for 
                         the precipitation maximum over southeast Brazil during the austral 
                         summer. The upper level circulation was influenced by the 
                         reduction of precipitation and the Bolivian High was not formed. 
                         Changing vegetation type from rainforest to grassland lead to 
                         patterns similar to those found previously, but the precipitation 
                         decrease in most of the Amazon region was smaller. This is due to 
                         the higher bare soil moisture flux provided by the grassland in 
                         relation to the savannah. The experiment shows that modifications 
                         in the climate of the Amazon and other areas over South American 
                         may occur in Amazon deforestation scenarios.",
  conference-location = "Manaus, Br",
      conference-year = "7-10 July 2002",
                label = "10236",
           targetfile = "9317.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "29 jun. 2024"
}