@InProceedings{XueSaleLiChan:2002:SiSoAm,
               author = "Xue, Yongkang and Sales, Fernando and Li, Weiping and Chan, Chou 
                         Sin",
                title = "Simulations of South American hydrometeorology and effects of land 
                         surface processes",
                 year = "2002",
         organization = "International LBA Scientific Conference, 2.",
             keywords = "METEOROLOGIA.",
             abstract = "This paper presents our studies using the NCEP GCM and the Eta 
                         regional. In both atmospheric models, SSiB has been used to 
                         simulate the surface conditions. In the Eta/SSiB study, a climate 
                         version has been used for three-months continuous simulations 
                         through a dry season. This version includes updating surface 
                         boundary conditions, e.g., sea surface temperature, the distance 
                         between sun and earth, and other conditions. A vegetation map 
                         developed at the CPTEC has also been introduced. The observational 
                         data of precipitation and surface temperature from CPTEC have been 
                         used to verify the model output. The results show realistic 
                         simulations in the temporal and spatial variations of 
                         precipitation. The influence of land surface processes to the 
                         precipitation is through the atmospheric circulation and moisture 
                         flow. A coupled NCEP GCM/SSiB has also been used to investigate 
                         the interactions between land surface processes and 
                         hydrometeorology, in particular the interactions between land and 
                         monsoon system. Several sets of experiments are designed to 
                         investigate the role of the land surface process. Impacts of 
                         different surface models, initial soil moisture, and leaf area 
                         index are tested. In one experiment initial soil moisture is 
                         provided by the global soil moisture project. In another 
                         experiment, the leaf area index is from the satellite observation. 
                         In the third one, no explicit vegetation scheme but only soil 
                         model is used. These experiments show that the importance of the 
                         land surface parameterization and vegetation and soil condition in 
                         the simulations of hydrometeorological variability. In addition to 
                         the impact on the continent, the effect also extends to the East 
                         Pacific Ocean through the circulation. The impact on the Atlantic 
                         Ocean is relatively small.",
  conference-location = "Manaus, Br",
      conference-year = "7-10 July 2002",
                label = "10238",
           targetfile = "9319.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "20 maio 2024"
}