@Article{BatistaPaulAbduTriv:1991:IoEfMa,
               author = "Batista, Inez Staciarini and Paula, Eurico Rodrigues de and Abdu, 
                         Mangalathayil Ali and Trivedi, Nalin Babulal",
                title = "Ionospheric effects of the March 13, 1989, magnetic storm at low 
                         equatorial latitudes",
              journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research",
                 year = "1991",
               volume = "96",
               number = "A8",
                pages = "13943--13952",
                month = "Aug.",
                 note = "COSPAR, 28, 25 July, 1990, Hague.",
             keywords = "AERONOMIA, CACHOEIRA PAULISTA (SP)SAO JOSE DOS CAMPOS 
                         (SP)FORTALEZA (CE), ELECTRIC FIELDS, MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE 
                         COUPLING, IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES, PARTICLE PRECIPITATION, 
                         MAGNETIC STORMS.",
             abstract = "The great geomagnetic storm of March 13, 1989 (E Kp=60, Ap=246) 
                         caused severely anomalous behavior in the equatorial and low 
                         latitude ionosphere in the Brazilian longitude sector. The 
                         ionograms over Fortaleza (4 degrees S, 38 degrees W) indicated F 
                         region upward plasma drifts exceeding 200 m s-1 at 1830 LT as 
                         compared to normal values of 40 m s-1 for this epoch. Large 
                         negative phases were observed in foF2 over Fortaleza and Cachoeira 
                         Paulista (22.5 degrees S, 45 degrees W) and in total electron 
                         content measured over Sao Jose dos Campos (23 degrees S, 46 
                         degrees W). The equatorial ionization anomaly was totally absent 
                         either because of its anomalous expansion to higher latitudes or 
                         because of inhibition of its development on the two nights 
                         following the storm. Many anomalous variations in F region peak 
                         density and height, occurring simultaneously with sharp variations 
                         on H component of magnetic field over Fortaleza and with auroral 
                         substorms, give strong evidence of penetration of magnetospheric 
                         electric fields to equatorial and low latitudes. Auroral type 
                         sporadic E and night E layers are observed after 1830 LT over 
                         Cachoeira Paulista, the latter showing peak electron density about 
                         6 x 10-4 el cm-3, therefore comparable to the E layer peak density 
                         in the morning hours at that station. The Fortaleza ionograms show 
                         the presence of the F1 layer at night, a phenomenon that has never 
                         been observed over our two stations before. The role played by 
                         electric fiels penetrating from high to low latitudes, particle 
                         precipitation, and composition changes in explaining the 
                         observations is discussed.",
                 issn = "0148-0227 and 2156-2202",
                label = "7091",
           targetfile = "5696.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "17 jun. 2024"
}