@Article{KayanoAndrSouzGarc:2017:ENNoCo,
author = "Kayano, Mary Toshie and Andreoli, Rita Val{\'e}ria and Souza,
Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de and Garcia, S{\^a}mia Regina",
affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and
{Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEAM)} and {Universidade do
Estado do Amazonas (UEAM)} and {Universidade Federal de
Itajub{\'a} (UNIFEI)}",
title = "Spatiotemporal variability modes of surface air temperature in
South America during the 1951–2010 period: ENSO and non-ENSO
components",
journal = "International Journal of Climatology",
year = "2017",
volume = "37",
pages = "1--13",
month = "Aug.",
keywords = "climate variability, El Niño-Southern Oscillation, non-ENSO
modes.",
abstract = "The dominant seasonal surface air temperature (SAT) anomalous
modes over entire South America (SA) for the 19512010 period were
investigated. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and non-ENSO
(residual RES) characteristics of the SAT anomalous modes and the
associated precipitation and temperature advection anomalies were
discussed. The SAT (referred to as TOT) and RES modes were
obtained from the empirical orthogonal function analyses, and the
ENSO modes from the correlation analyses between the SAT anomalies
and the Oceanic Niño index. The SAT TOT modes are in general,
weakly linked to the ENSO, except for the first summer and the
fourth spring TOT modes. For these two modes, the precipitation
variations are more crucial than the temperature advection
variations in defining the SAT anomaly patterns. On the other
hand, the first winter and autumn TOT modes contain mostly the
non-ENSO components and feature an extensive warmed area in
tropical and subtropical SA. For these modes, the subtropical
warming is due to the temperature advection. The TOT modes with a
weak relation to the ENSO and the corresponding RES modes show a
dipolar pattern with a warm node in tropical SA and the cold one
in extratropical SA, and is determined mostly by the
precipitation. Nevertheless, the cold advection reinforces the
cold node of the winter and summer modes. In some cases, the
regional systems contribute to the SAT anomalies. The South
American low-level jet contributes to the positive SAT anomalies
in central and eastern Brazil for the second winter and first
spring RES modes and the South Atlantic Convergence Zone
influences the first summer RES mode. The SAT modes describe
mostly the interannual variations of the SAT patterns over SA, but
some of them also contain decadal and multidecadal time scale
variations.",
doi = "10.1002/joc.4972",
url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.4972",
issn = "0899-8418",
language = "en",
targetfile = "Kayano_et_al-2017-International_Journal_of_Climatology.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "15 jun. 2024"
}