@Article{PereiraNetoOyam:2011:MuEsCo,
               author = "Pereira Neto, Antonio Vicente and Oyama, Marcos Daisuke",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and Instituto 
                         de Aeron{\'a}utica e Espa{\c{c}}o, Divis{\~a}o de Ci{\^e}ncias 
                         Atmosf{\'e}ricas, S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos, SP",
                title = "Mudan{\c{c}}as do esquema de convec{\c{c}}{\~a}o profunda 
                         Kain-Fritsch para a regi{\~a}o do centro de lan{\c{c}}amento de 
                         Alc{\^a}ntara",
              journal = "Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia",
                 year = "2011",
               volume = "26",
               number = "4",
                pages = "579--590",
                month = "Dez.",
             keywords = "previs{\~a}o quantitativa de precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o, 
                         convec{\c{c}}{\~a}o profunda, costa norte do Brasil, 
                         Maranh{\~a}o, quantitative precipitation forecast, deep 
                         convection, northern coast of Brazil, Maranh{\~a}o State.",
             abstract = "Foram realizadas mudan{\c{c}}as no esquema de 
                         parametriza{\c{c}}{\~a}o convectiva de Kain-Fritsch (KF2), para 
                         melhor representar a precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o na regi{\~a}o do 
                         Centro de Lan{\c{c}}amento de Alc{\^a}ntara (CLA) em 
                         simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es com o modelo regional MM5. 
                         Simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es de 24 h em um dom{\'{\i}}nio 
                         aproximadamente centrado no CLA, com espa{\c{c}}amento de grade 
                         de 30 km foram realizadas para o per{\'{\i}}odo de 2005-2006 
                         (calibra{\c{c}}{\~a}o) e 2008 (valida{\c{c}}{\~a}o). O KF2 foi 
                         modificado sob a seguinte configura{\c{c}}{\~a}o: passo de tempo 
                         de 60 s, uso do esquema de convec{\c{c}}{\~a}o 
                         expl{\'{\i}}cita warm rain e uso conjunto dos esquemas de 
                         convec{\c{c}}{\~a}o rasa de Grell e do KF2. As mudan{\c{c}}as 
                         no KF2 foram: aumento da profundidade de nuvem necess{\'a}ria 
                         para disparar a convec{\c{c}}{\~a}o profunda e ajuste de alguns 
                         par{\^a}metros da fun{\c{c}}{\~a}o disparo da 
                         convec{\c{c}}{\~a}o dependentes da velocidade vertical 
                         ascendente na coluna atmosf{\'e}rica. Com as 
                         modifica{\c{c}}{\~o}es, houve expressiva melhoria na 
                         representa{\c{c}}{\~a}o do total de precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o e 
                         da fra{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos dias do m{\^e}s com chuva na escala 
                         mensal. O padr{\~a}o espacial de erros no dom{\'{\i}}nio, no 
                         entanto, n{\~a}o sofreu muitas altera{\c{c}}{\~o}es sobre o 
                         continente (em geral, a precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o foi melhor 
                         representada sobre o continente do que sobre o oceano). Todas as 
                         etapas de mudan{\c{c}}as e ajustes realizadas no trabalho 
                         poder{\~a}o ser empregadas para melhorar a 
                         representa{\c{c}}{\~a}o da precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o em outras 
                         regi{\~o}es espec{\'{\i}}ficas. RESUMO: Changes in the 
                         Kain-Fritsch convective parameterization scheme (KF2) were 
                         included to better represent the precipitation in simulations 
                         using the MM5 regional model for the Alc{\^a}ntara Launch Center 
                         (CLA) region. Daily (24 h) integrations for a 30 km grid spacing 
                         domain centered in CLA were performed for 2005-2006 (calibration) 
                         and 2008 (validation). KF2 scheme was modified under the following 
                         simulation settings: time step of 60 s, use of warm rain scheme 
                         and joint use of Grell and KF2 shallow convection schemes. Changes 
                         in KF2 were: increase of minimum cloud depth to initiate deep 
                         convection and several trigger function parameters dependent on 
                         column upward vertical motion. With the changes, marked 
                         improvement in the representation of total precipitation and 
                         monthly fraction of rainy days was found. The spatial pattern of 
                         errors over the domain, however, did not show substantial changes 
                         (in general, precipitation was better represented over land than 
                         over ocean). The steps carried out in this work to change KF2 
                         could be followed to improve the precipitation representation over 
                         other specific regions.",
                  doi = "10.1590/S0102-77862011000400008",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-77862011000400008",
                 issn = "0102-7786",
             language = "pt",
           targetfile = "a08v26n4.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "15 jun. 2024"
}