@Article{Kayano:2003:LoHiMo,
               author = "Kayano, Mary Toshie",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Low-level high-frequency modes in the Tropical Atlantic and their 
                         relation to precipitation in the equatorial South America",
              journal = "Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics",
                 year = "2003",
               volume = "83",
               number = "3-4",
                pages = "263--276",
             keywords = "synoptic-scale, disturbances, african wave disturbances, western 
                         pacific, easterly waves, phase III, hemisphere, monsoon, gate.",
             abstract = "Evolving aspects of the dominant high-frequency modes of the 
                         925-hPa v-component and precipitable water in the Tropical South 
                         American and Atlantic sector are studied for the austral summer 
                         and winter seasons. Their relations to the precipitation anomalies 
                         over the equatorial South America are also investigated. The 
                         highest percentages of the total variance contained in the 
                         high-frequency time-scale for the 925-hPa v-component have a clear 
                         seasonal dependency such that they are confined in the Tropical 
                         South Atlantic (TSA) during the austral summer and in the Tropical 
                         North Atlantic (TNA) during the austral winter. The high-frequency 
                         variability for the TSA during the austral summer stems from the 
                         combined effects of equatorward incursions of midlatitude synoptic 
                         and transient wave systems, equatorial trades and westward 
                         traveling disturbances in equatorial latitudes. All these systems 
                         together have a pronounced effect in modulating the summer 
                         precipitation over northeastern South America, though the isolated 
                         effect of the easterly waves is weak. In contrast, the 
                         high-frequency variability for the TNA during the austral winter 
                         is mainly due to wave-type westward traveling tropical 
                         disturbances. These disturbances have an important role in 
                         modulating the daily precipitation of northern part of the South 
                         America during the austral winter.",
           copyholder = "SID/SCD",
                  doi = "10.1007/s00703-002-0569-3",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00703-002-0569-3",
                 issn = "0177-7971",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "art_10.1007_s00703-002-0569-3.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "30 jun. 2024"
}