@Article{EswaraiahRatMurGuhRao:2013:ShPeGr,
               author = "Eswaraiah, S. and Ratnam, M. Venkat and Murthy, B. V. Krishna and 
                         Guharay, Amitava and Rao, S. Vijaya Bhaskara",
          affiliation = "{Sri Venkateswara University} and {National Atmospheric Research 
                         Laboratory (NARL)} and B1, CEEBROS, Chennai 600020, India and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Sri 
                         Venkateswara University}",
                title = "Short period gravity wave momentum fluxes observed in the tropical 
                         troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere",
              journal = "Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics",
                 year = "2013",
               volume = "105-106",
                pages = "1--7",
                month = "Dec.",
             keywords = "gravity wave momentum, mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere, 
                         mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere radars, momentum flux, MST 
                         radars, Rayleigh lidar, seasonal variability, tropical 
                         troposphere, atmospherics, gravity waves, momentum, troposphere, 
                         optical radar.",
             abstract = "Using long-term data (1998-2008) collected from 
                         mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere (MST) radar and Rayleigh Lidar 
                         located at a tropical station, Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E), India, 
                         vertical flux of the momentum from troposphere to mesosphere 
                         associated with the gravity waves of periods in the range 20min to 
                         2h is investigated for the first time. The emphasis is on seasonal 
                         variability of mean zonal and meridional momentum fluxes in 
                         mesosphere and troposphere and vertical flux of horizontal 
                         momentum in the stratosphere. At tropospheric altitudes of 11-16km 
                         large enhancement in flux is noticed during equinoxes. In the 
                         lower mesosphere in the altitude region 58-62km the maximum values 
                         of flux (~2.8m2/s2) observed are pragmatic in winter and spring. 
                         Interestingly, the vertical flux of horizontal momentum estimated 
                         from lidar is in the range of those estimated from radar data in 
                         the overlap altitude region, though the estimates are from two 
                         different techniques. In the mesosphere, large variations with 
                         altitude in zonal momentum flux are noticed with a magnitude 
                         ~0-4m2/s2 in summer. In winter and summer the zonal wind direction 
                         is opposite to the momentum flux direction between 73 and 80km and 
                         in equinoxes zonal wind follows the momentum flux. The meridional 
                         fluxes in the mesosphere are higher in equinoxes (~10-12m2/s2).",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.jastp.2013.07.001",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.07.001",
                 issn = "1364-6826",
                label = "scopus 2013-11",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "1-s2.0-S1364682613001922-main.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "29 jun. 2024"
}