@MastersThesis{Paula:2021:DiAgSu,
author = "Paula, Danielle Silva de",
title = "Expans{\~a}o da agricultura de larga escala na bacia do rio
Curu{\'a}-Una (PA): din{\^a}mica agr{\'a}ria e suas
implica{\c{c}}{\~o}es ambientais",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2021",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2021-08-18",
keywords = "unidades de paisagem de produ{\c{c}}{\~a}o, uso e cobertura da
terra, agricultura de larga escala, intensifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o,
production landscape units, land use and land cover, large-scale
agriculture, intensification.",
abstract = "No final dos anos 1990, inicia-se a expans{\~a}o da
produ{\c{c}}{\~a}o de gr{\~a}os no Bioma Amaz{\^o}nia, por
meio da agricultura mecanizada e de larga escala. Como resultado,
observamse importantes mudan{\c{c}}as na paisagem, com sua
homogeneiza{\c{c}}{\~a}o, concentra{\c{c}}{\~a}o de terras e o
avan{\c{c}}o da agricultura de larga escala (AGLE) sobre outras
formas de produ{\c{c}}{\~a}o. Na regi{\~a}o Sudoeste do
Par{\'a}, esse processo ocorre mais intensamente nas proximidades
das sedes dos munic{\'{\i}}pios de Santar{\'e}m, Belterra e
Moju{\'{\i}} dos Campos, que fazem parte da bacia
hidrogr{\'a}fica do rio Curu{\'a}-Una, unidade de an{\'a}lise
deste trabalho. Considerando este contexto, esse estudo se
prop{\^o}s a avaliar e caracterizar a expans{\~a}o da AGLE e
seus efeitos sobre a perda de cobertura florestal, os sistemas
agropecu{\'a}rios e extrativistas e a diversidade da paisagem. O
estudo baseia-se no desenvolvimento de uma tipologia de Unidades
de Paisagem de Produ{\c{c}}{\~a}o (PLUīs), que {\'e} utilizada
como proxy das trajet{\'o}rias tecno-produtivas propostas por
Costa (2009) e representadas por c{\'e}lulas de tamanho de 9 kmē.
Os procedimentos foram desenvolvidos em tr{\^e}s etapas: 1)
classifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o semiautom{\'a}tica de imagens TM/OLI
Landsat do ano de 2019 e refinamento de dados de uso e cobertura
da terra do TerraClass, relativos aos anos 2000 e 2010; 2)
desenvolvimento de uma tipologia de PLUīs e seu mapeamento por
meio de t{\'e}cnicas de minera{\c{c}}{\~a}o de dados; 3)
an{\'a}lise das transi{\c{c}}{\~o}es e din{\^a}micas
espa{\c{c}}o-temporais do uso e cobertura da terra e das PLUīs.
Os resultados mostram o crescimento da AGLE entre 2000 e 2019, de
23 km2 para 1.093 km2. As classes com maior propor{\c{c}}{\~a}o
de convers{\~a}o para AGLE, entre 2000 e 2019, foram pasto (38%)
e vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o secund{\'a}ria (31%). Nesse
per{\'{\i}}odo, estima-se uma perda total de 4.704 km2 (18,5%)
de Floresta. Das {\'a}reas ocupadas pela AGLE em 2019, 27% (298
km2) eram provenientes de Floresta em 2000. A agricultura de
pequena escala (AGPE) perdeu 26% (24 km2) de {\'a}rea para AGLE
em 2019. As PLU0, PLU1 e PLU2 foram as que mais perderam
{\'a}rea, enquanto as PLU2, PLU3/3a e PLU5a, foram as que mais
ganharam. Poucas {\'a}reas de PLU0 (floresta) foram convertidas
diretamente para PLU5/5a (36 km2). Esses resultados sugerem que a
convers{\~a}o de terras das PLU2 e PLU3/3a para PLU5/5a, na
regi{\~a}o do Planalto, pode ter levado, indiretamente, {\`a}
expans{\~a}o das PLU2 e PLU3/3a sobre {\'a}reas florestais
(PLU0) e/ou agroextrativistas (PLU1), para o interior da bacia. Em
rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o aos {\'{\i}}ndices de diversidade de
paisagem estimados para as PLU5/5, ao contr{\'a}rio do que se
esperava, foram similares aos das PLUīs n{\~a}o florestais.
Observa-se em 2010 e 2019 que a AGPE persiste e coexiste na
{\'a}rea em que a PLU5/5a se estabeleceu. Entretanto, sabe-se que
{\'e} fr{\'a}gil o equil{\'{\i}}brio entre sistemas de
produ{\c{c}}{\~a}o que apresentam grandes assimetrias, em
rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o ao capital e {\`a}s tecnologias empregadas,
sendo necess{\'a}rio adotar pol{\'{\i}}ticas que valorizem e
fortale{\c{c}}am os modos de produ{\c{c}}{\~a}o campon{\^e}s,
em especial, os de base florestal. ABSTRACT: In the late 1990s,
grain production started to expand in the Amazon Biome, through
mechanized and large-scale agriculture. As a result, important
changes are observed in the landscape, with its homogenization,
concentration of land and the advance of large-scale agriculture
(LSA) over other forms of production. In the southwest region of
Par{\'a}, this process occurs more intensely in the vicinity of
the cities of Santar{\'e}m, Belterra and Moju{\'{\i}} dos
Campos, which are part of the hydrographic basin of the
Curu{\'a}-Una river, the unit area of analysis of this work.
Considering this context, this study aimed to evaluate and
characterize the expansion of LSA and its effects on the loss of
forest cover, agricultural and extractive systems and changes on
landscape diversity. The study is based on the development of a
typology of Production Landscape Units (PLU's), which is used as a
proxy for the techno-productive trajectories proposed by Costa
(2009) and represented by cells with a size of 9 kmē. The
procedures were developed in three steps: 1) semi-automatic
classification of TM/OLI Landsat images for 2019 and refinement of
TerraClass land use and cover data for 2000 and 2010; 2)
development of a PLU's typology and PLUīs mapping through data
mining techniques; 3) analysis of transitions and spatialtemporal
dynamics of land use and land cover and PLU's. The results show
the growth of LSA between 2000 and 2019, from 23 km2 to 1,093 km2.
The classes with the highest proportion of conversion to AGLE
between 2000 and 2019 were pasture (38%) and secondary vegetation
(31%). During this period, a total loss of 4,704 km2 (18.5%) of
Forest is estimated. Of the total area occupied by LSA in 2019,
27% (298 km2) came from Forest in 2000. Small-scale agriculture
(SSA) lost 24 km2 (26%) to LSA from 2000 to 2019. The PLU0, PLU1
and PLU2 were the ones that lost the most area, while the PLU2,
PLU3/3a and PLU5a, were the ones that gained the most. Few areas
of PLU0 (forest) were directly converted to PLU5/5a (36 km2).
These results suggest that the conversion of land from PLU2 and
PLU3/3a to PLU5/5a, in the Planalto region, may have indirectly
led to the expansion of PLU2 and PLU3/3a over forest (PLU0) and/or
agroextractive (PLU1) areas, into the basin. Regarding the
estimated landscape diversity indices for PLU5/5, contrary to what
was expected, they were similar to non forest PLUs. We can observe
that in 2010 and 2019 SSA persists and coexists in the area where
the PLU5/5a was established. However, it is known that the balance
between production systems that present great asymmetries, in
relation to capital and technology, is fragile, and it is
necessary to adopt policies that value and strengthen peasant
production methods, especially those based on forest resources.",
committee = "Kampel, Silvana Amaral (presidente) and Escada, Maria Isabel
Sobral (orientadora) and Ortiz, Jussara de Oliveira (orientadora)
and Monteiro, Ant{\^o}nio Miguel Vieira and Novo, Evlyn Marcia
Le{\~a}o de Moraes and Fernandes, Danilo Ara{\'u}jo",
englishtitle = "Expansion of large-scale agriculture in the Cura-Una river basin
(PA): agricultural dynamics and environmental implications",
language = "pt",
pages = "134",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34T/45BAN3P",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34T/45BAN3P",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "11 jun. 2024"
}