@Article{FerrerRodrFortCarr:2021:PaSuRi,
               author = "Ferrer, Luciana Maria and Rodriguez, Daniel Andr{\'e}s and Forti, 
                         Maria Cristina and Carriello, Felix",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade Federal Fluminense 
                         (UFF)}",
                title = "The anthropocene landscape and ecosystem services in the closure 
                         of sand mining: Para{\'{\i}}ba do Sul River basin – Brazil",
              journal = "Resources Policy",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "74",
                pages = "e102405",
                month = "Dec.",
             keywords = "Anthropocenic environments post-mining, Geodiversity, 
                         Socio-environmental indicators, Sustainable development goals.",
             abstract = "Geodiversity is a determinant of mining patterns, because its 
                         nature defines the interaction with humans, type of exploitation, 
                         and, consequently, ecosystem services (ES) of the final landscape. 
                         The environmental recovery obligations defined in the legislation 
                         serve as a good guidance, but sand mining companies are not always 
                         able to finalize their activity entirely and to comply with the 
                         laws. To take this into account, the present study was developed 
                         with an objective of analyzing the changes observed in the ES 
                         after 70 years of sand exploitation in the Para{\'{\i}}ba do Sul 
                         River Valley, Brazil. The services of the floodplain soil 
                         formation and associated components, such as the quality and 
                         quantity of water and refuges provided by the riparian forest, are 
                         highlighted in this study. To evaluate the different ESs modified 
                         by mining, socio-environmental variables were studied, and the 
                         analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was applied to assign 
                         significance to each variable in the phase of closing activities, 
                         thus creating a compound index for ES evaluation at mine closure. 
                         The closure conditions were analyzed against the UN Sustainable 
                         Development Goals (SDGs) 6, 8, 9, and 11. The results showed that 
                         the companies are small, that they met the legislation in equal 
                         criteria of environmental rehabilitation, and that they were 
                         induced to a closure standard, reflecting the reforestation with 
                         native forest variable, related to the ES of provisioning of 
                         habitat to wild fauna. However, the mine facilities variable, 
                         associated with the cultural ES of recreation, predominated, 
                         because the buildings and access roads were preserved, even though 
                         the movable assets were demobilized quickly. It was concluded from 
                         the analysis that the scenario of the ES at mine closure is 
                         generally linked to geodiversity, company size, and compliance 
                         with legal duties.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102405",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102405",
                 issn = "0301-4207",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "ferrer_2021.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "31 maio 2024"
}