@Article{Romero-HernandezDTGNPLNJRRSBLGA:2018:DaIoTE,
               author = "Romero-Hernandez, E. and Denardini, Clezio Marcos and Takahashi, 
                         Hisao and Gonzalez-Esparza, J. Americo and Nogueira, Paulo A. B. 
                         and P{\'a}dua, Marcelo Banik de and Lotte, Rodolfo Georjute and 
                         Negreti, Patr{\'{\i}}cia Mara de Siqueira and Jonah, Olusegun F. 
                         and Resende, Laysa Cristina Ara{\'u}jo and Rodriguez-Martinez, 
                         Mario and Sergeeva, M. A. and Barbosa Neto, Paulo Fran{\c{c}}a 
                         and Luz, V. de la and Galera Monico, Jo{\~a}o Francisco and 
                         Aguilar-Rodriguez, E.",
          affiliation = "{Universidad Aut{\'o}noma de Nuevo Le{\'o}n} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidad Nacional 
                         Aut{\'o}noma de M{\'e}xico} and Instituto Federal de 
                         Educa{\c{c}}{\~a}o, Ci{\^e}ncia e Tecnologia de S{\~a}o Paulo 
                         and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {MassachusettsInstitute of Technology (MIT)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {UniversidadNacional 
                         Aut{\'o}noma de M{\'e}xico} and {UniversidadNacional 
                         Aut{\'o}noma de M{\'e}xico} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {UniversidadNacional Aut{\'o}noma de 
                         M{\'e}xico} and {Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)} and 
                         {UniversidadNacional Aut{\'o}noma de M{\'e}xico}",
                title = "Daytime ionospheric TEC weather study over Latin America",
              journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
                 year = "2018",
               volume = "123",
               number = "12",
                pages = "10345--10357",
                month = "Dec.",
             keywords = "ionosphere, variability of vertical TEC, Global Navigation 
                         Satellite System, seasonal TEC trend, hemispheric asymmetries of 
                         TEC, solar activity influence.",
             abstract = "The present work is the first of a two-part weather study of the 
                         ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC), based on data collected 
                         by four ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System networks 
                         that cover the whole Latin America from the Patagonia to the north 
                         of Mexico. From the best of our knowledge, the maps presented here 
                         are the first TEC maps obtained using ground-based data that 
                         covers the entire Latin America region, which represent an advance 
                         to the space weather monitoring and forecasting of the ionosphere. 
                         This work provides a qualitative and quantitative daytime analysis 
                         of the ionospheric TEC variation, which encompasses: (a) the 
                         response of TEC to the solar flux at midday; (b) the seasonal 
                         variation of TEC in different latitudinal ranges; and (c) the 
                         North-South asymmetry of TEC over Latin America. The response to 
                         the solar flux is based on day-to-day TEC variations during two 
                         periods of different solar activity conditions: 2011 (ascending 
                         phase) and 2014 (maximum). The approximations of meridional wind 
                         component derived from Horizontal Wind Model-14 model and h(m)F(2) 
                         obtained from International Reference Ionosphere model were used. 
                         Equinoctial asymmetries with an opposite configuration in high and 
                         moderate solar activity were identified in the TEC variation. For 
                         2011, it was related to the solar flux change. However, in 2014, 
                         according to the h(m)F(2) variation, the influence of neutral wind 
                         becomes dominant. Among the results, we highlight an absence of 
                         winter anomaly in the Northern Hemisphere in 2014 and a stronger 
                         annual anomaly for latitudes under -20 degrees.",
                  doi = "10.1029/2018JA025943",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025943",
                 issn = "2169-9380",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "romero_daytime.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "15 jun. 2024"
}