@Article{LongoFreiSilvSilv:2006:NuMoDe,
               author = "Longo, Karla Maria and Freitas, Saulo Ribeiro and Silva Dias, 
                         Maria Assun{\c{c}}{\~a}o Faus and Silva Dias, Pedro Leite",
          affiliation = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Centro de 
                         Previs{\~a}o de Tempo e Estudos Clim{\'a}ticos (CPTEC) and 
                         Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Centro de 
                         Previs{\~a}o de Tempo e Estudos Clim{\'a}ticos (CPTEC) and 
                         Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Centro de 
                         Previs{\~a}o de Tempo e Estudos Clim{\'a}ticos (CPTEC) and 
                         Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Centro de 
                         Previs{\~a}o de Tempo e Estudos Clim{\'a}ticos (CPTEC)",
                title = "Numerical modeling developments towards a system suitable to a 
                         real time air quality forecast and climate changes studies in 
                         South America",
              journal = "IGACtivities Newsletter",
                 year = "2006",
               volume = "xx",
               number = "33",
                pages = "12--16",
                month = "May",
             keywords = "numerical modeling, climate changes, vegetation, gases aerosol, 
                         deforestation area.",
             abstract = "The South American continent presents an extraordinary diversity 
                         of land use, vegetation and soil coverage. One area where this 
                         diversity is exemplified is the Rondonia state of SW Amazonia 
                         (Figure 1). As a consequence of the landscape variety, trace gases 
                         and aerosol emission sources are highly variable in space and 
                         time. Not only is the actual spatial emission pattern very complex 
                         but the time changes observed in the last decade have been 
                         immense. The annual deforestation area, just in the Brazilian 
                         Amazonia, ranged between 11,030 and 27,362 km2 in the last 18 
                         years for a total of 333,037 km2 of deforestation according to the 
                         satellite monitoring program of INPE (The Brazilian National 
                         Institute for Space Research; http://www.obt.inpe. br/prodes). 
                         Several hundred of thousands of vegetation fires are regularly 
                         detected in South America during the austral winter everyyear. 
                         This is driven by the fact that biomass burning is an agricultural 
                         practice often used for expanding the crop and livestock land. The 
                         fire activity affects mainly the forest and savanna biomes but it 
                         is also extensively used for the renewal of pasture and of the 
                         Amazon (Cordova et al., 2004) or it can be transported southward 
                         affecting highly urbanized and populated areas (Freitas et al., 
                         2005). Recent studies point to the strong direct and indirect 
                         effect of the smoke aerosol on radiative balance and precipitation 
                         patterns (Andreae et al., 2004, Koren et al., 2004) and on 
                         photochemistry (Albuquerque et al., 2005).",
           copyholder = "SID/SCD",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "May_2006_IGAC.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "29 jun. 2024"
}