@InProceedings{CorreiaAlvaManz:2006:GCSiIm,
               author = "Correia, Francis Wagner Silva and Alvala, Regina C{\'e}lia dos 
                         Santos and Manzi, Ant{\^o}nio Ocimar",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz{\^o}nia (INPA)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "A GCM Simulation of Impact of Land Cover Changes in the Amazonia 
                         on Regional Climate",
            booktitle = "Proceedings...",
                 year = "2006",
               editor = "Vera, Carolina and Nobre, Carlos",
                pages = "873--878",
         organization = "International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and 
                         Oceanography, 8. (ICSHMO).",
            publisher = "American Meteorological Society (AMS)",
              address = "45 Beacon Hill Road, Boston, MA, USA",
             keywords = "GCM, Amazonia, SSiB, deforestation, feedback mechanism.",
             abstract = "To investigate the impact of changes of the Amazonian land cover 
                         on the regional and the global climate, a numerical modeling 
                         experiment with the atmospheric general circulation model of the 
                         Centro de Previs{\~a}o de Tempo e Estudos Clim{\'a}ticos 
                         (AGCM/CPTEC), coupled to the land-surface-vegetation model 
                         (Simplified Simple Biosphere Model SSiB), was effected. Four 
                         3-years integrations were carried out for the following 
                         deforestation scenarios: (a) no deforestation, (b) current 
                         conditions, (c) a scenario predicted for 2033, and (d) large scale 
                         deforestation. Except for the land cover changes, the initial and 
                         prescribed boundary conditions were kept identical for all 
                         integrations. An intercomparison of the integrations shows that 
                         the decrease of the root depth after deforestation plays an 
                         important role in the radiation and the energy budgets during the 
                         dry season, since less moisture in the ground is available for 
                         evapotranspiration. For all scenarios there was an increase in the 
                         surface temperature, ranging between 1.0oC for the current 
                         scenario and 1.6oC for the large-scale deforestation. The surface 
                         component of the downward solar radiation increased due to a 
                         decrease of the cloud amount over the deforested areas. A cloud 
                         feedback mechanism, in which an increase of the albedo is balanced 
                         by an increase of the downward solar radiation, was observed only 
                         with the scenario for 2033 and with the large-scale deforestation. 
                         For all scenarios, a negative feedback mechanism was observed in 
                         the hydrological cycle, since a greater amount of moisture was 
                         carried to the deforested areas. The increase of the moisture 
                         convergence was greater than the reduction of the 
                         evapotranspiration in the current scenario, leading to an increase 
                         of the precipitation. A different situation was observed for other 
                         scenarios, in which the local increase of the moisture convergence 
                         was not sufficiently intense to generate an increase in 
                         precipitation; the local water recycling was the dominant factor 
                         in these scenarios. Therefore, a partial deforestation in Amazonia 
                         may lead to a local increase of precipitation. However, if the 
                         deforestation processes remain, this condition will not be 
                         sustainable, leading to a drier condition and, consequently, to a 
                         reduction of the precipitation.",
  conference-location = "Foz do Igua{\c{c}}u",
      conference-year = "24-28 Apr. 2006",
           copyholder = "SID/SCD",
             language = "en",
         organisation = "American Meteorological Society (AMS)",
                  ibi = "cptec.inpe.br/adm_conf/2005/10.21.21.27",
                  url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/cptec.inpe.br/adm_conf/2005/10.21.21.27",
           targetfile = "873-878.pdf",
                 type = "Impacts of land cover and land use changes",
        urlaccessdate = "16 jun. 2024"
}