@ElectronicSource{CorreiaAlvaManz::ReClMo,
             abstract = "The numerical regional model (Eta) coupled with the Simplified 
                         Simple Biosphere Model (SSiB) was used to investigate the impact 
                         of land cover changes on the regional climate in Amazonia. Four 
                         13-month integrations were performed for the following scenarios: 
                         (a) no deforestation, (b) current conditions, (c) deforestation 
                         predicted for 2033, and (d) large scale deforestation. All initial 
                         and prescribed boundary conditions were kept identical for all 
                         integrations, except the land cover changes. The results show that 
                         during the dry season the post-deforestation decrease in root 
                         depth plays an important role in the energy budget, since there is 
                         less soil moisture available for evapotranspiration. In all 
                         scenarios there was a significant increase in the surface 
                         temperature, from 2.0 C in the first scenario, up to 2.8C in the 
                         last one. In both the scenarios (b) and (c), the downward 
                         component of the surface solar radiation decreased due to an 
                         increase in the cloud cover over the deforested areas, which 
                         contributed to a further reduction of the net radiation absorbed 
                         at the surface. The cloud mechanism, where an increase in albedo 
                         is balanced by an increase in downward solar radiation, was not 
                         detected in any of these scenarios. In scenarios (a), (b) and (c), 
                         a negative feedback mechanism was observed in the hydrological 
                         cycle, with greater amounts of moisture being carried to the 
                         deforested areas. The increase in moisture convergence was greater 
                         than the reduction in evapotranspiration for both scenarios (b) 
                         and (c). This result, and the meso-scale thermodynamic processes 
                         caused an increase in precipitation. A different situation was 
                         observed in the large-scale deforestation scenario (d): a local 
                         increase of moisture convergence was observed, but not 
                         sufficiently intense to generate an increase in precipitation; the 
                         local evapotranspiration decrease was dominant in this scenario. 
                         Therefore, the partial deforestation in Amazonia can actually lead 
                         to an increase in precipitation locally. However, if the 
                         deforestation increases, this condition becomes unsustainable, 
                         leading to drier conditions and, consequently, to reduced 
                         precipitation in the region. .",
              address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
          affiliation = "State University of Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE/CPTEC)} and 
                         National Institute for Amazonia Research (INPA), Manaus, AM, 
                         Brazil",
               author = "Correia, F. W. S and Alvala, Regina Celia S. and Manzi, Antonio 
                         Ocimar",
             keywords = "Amazonia, land cover, precipitation.",
             language = "en",
       lastupdatedate = "2007-12-18",
            publisher = "Instituto and Nacional and de and Pesquisas and Espaciais",
                  ibi = "6qtX3pFwXQZGivnK2Y/Su29o",
                  url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/6qtX3pFwXQZGivnK2Y/Su29o",
           targetfile = "v1.pdf",
                title = "Modeling the impacts of land cover change in Amazonia: a regional 
                         climate model (RCM) simulation study",
         typeofmedium = "On-line",
        urlaccessdate = "16 jun. 2024"
}