@InProceedings{ArrasReseWick:2021:HoGPRa,
               author = "Arras, C. and Resende, Laysa Cristina Ara{\'u}jo and Wickert, 
                         J.",
          affiliation = "{German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {German Research 
                         Center for Geosciences (GFZ)}",
                title = "Investigating the Earth’s lower ionosphere from space: How GPS 
                         radio occultation profiles provide a global overview on sporadic E 
                         layer occurrence",
                 year = "2021",
         organization = "Simp{\'o}sio Brasileiro de Geof{\'{\i}}sica Espacial e 
                         Aeronomia, 8. (SBGEA)",
             abstract = "The GPS radio occultation (RO) technique established successfully 
                         during the last two decades and evolved into a valuable 
                         application for precise atmospheric and ionospheric profiling. GPS 
                         RO signals are very sensitive to vertical changes in the electron 
                         density in the Earths ionosphere. This issue becomes visible as 
                         strong fluctuations in e.g. signal-to-noise ratio recordings, 
                         which allow detecting sporadic E layers in the lower ionosphere. 
                         Due to the geometry of the GPS RO technique, it enables for the 
                         first time receiving a global and comprehensive picture of 
                         sporadic E layer occurrence and properties in a high spatial 
                         resolution. Sporadic E (Es) layers are thin sheets of enhanced 
                         electron density occurring in the lower ionospheric E region, 
                         preferably between 95 and 120 km. It is widely accepted that Es 
                         formation at low- and midlatitudes is due to the wind shear 
                         mechanism when the ionized metallic particles of meteoric origin 
                         interact with the lower thermospheric neutral wind field. In polar 
                         and equatorial electric fields play and additional important role 
                         in the Es layer formation process. In this presentation, we like 
                         to give an overview on global sporadic E characteristics. We will 
                         demonstrate the varying behavior of this phenomenon at different 
                         latitudinal regions and we will illustrate that the Es formation 
                         results from complex coupling processes in the 
                         thermosphere-ionosphere-magnetosphere system. We will discuss 
                         several geophysical parameters such as tidal winds in the upper 
                         atmosphere, the presence of metallic ions and the Earths magnetic 
                         field influencing the Es formation.",
  conference-location = "Online",
      conference-year = "22-26 mar.",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "arras_2021.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "05 jun. 2024"
}