@Article{LimbergerSiPeCaMaLi:2021:StPrTr,
               author = "Limberger, Leila and Silva, Maria Elisa Siqueira and Pereira, 
                         Gabriel and Cardozo, Francielle da Silva and Mataveli, Guilherme 
                         Augusto Verola and Lima, Bruna Sim{\~o}es",
          affiliation = "{Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paran{\'a} (UNIOESTE)} and 
                         {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Universidade Federal 
                         de S{\~a}o Jo{\~a}o del Rey (UFSJR)} and {Universidade Federal 
                         de S{\~a}o Jo{\~a}o del Rey (UFSJR)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo 
                         (USP)}",
                title = "Streamflow and precipitation trends in the Brazilian Amazon basin 
                         and their association with Pacific decadal oscillation and 
                         deforestation",
              journal = "Theoretical and Applied Climatology",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "146",
               number = "1/2",
                pages = "511--526",
                month = "Oct.",
             keywords = "Amazon deforestationHydrological cycleSpatial trend analysisPDO 
                         teleconnections.",
             abstract = "The Amazon Basin is the region with the highest continental water 
                         density in the world and plays an important role in the global 
                         hydroclimatic system and the carbon cycle. In recent decades, the 
                         Amazon Basin has seen intense land use and land cover change 
                         (LULCC), specifically in terms of the conversion of rainforest 
                         into crop and livestock areas. The feedback mechanisms between the 
                         surface and atmosphere have been modified and biodiversity has 
                         also been endangered. In order to establish the long-term 
                         hydrological trends across the Amazon Basin and possible 
                         relationships with LULCC, monthly data on streamflow and 
                         precipitation obtained from surface stations and remote sensing of 
                         deforestation information from 1976 to 2010 were analyzed. 
                         Homogeneous streamflow sub-regions were determined, and 
                         assessments of these sub-regions show distinct patterns: while the 
                         trend for both rainfall and streamflow is positive in the northern 
                         basin, in the North and Amazon-Mouth sub-regions, the trend is 
                         negative for both variables in the southern basin, the West, 
                         South, and Central sub-regions. In the regions with a negative 
                         trend, the yearly deforestation rate presented high values, 
                         indicating the possible influence of LULCC on the Amazon's 
                         hydrological cycle. Seasonal analysis shows that the reductions in 
                         streamflow and rainfall rates in the southern Amazon Basin were 
                         more frequently registered at the end of the dry season, 
                         indicating a prolonging of this season. Analysis with Global 
                         Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) linear trend data relating 
                         the positive peak of Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) to the 
                         negative period shows that the negative trend for rainfall and 
                         streamflow in the South sub-region is more intense than the 
                         influence of PDO. This reinforces the hypothesis that 
                         deforestation may be influencing the hydrological cycle in the 
                         Amazon Basin.",
                  doi = "10.1007/s00704-021-03739-1",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03739-1",
                 issn = "0177-798X",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Limberger2021_Article_StreamflowAndPrecipitationTren.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "29 jun. 2024"
}