@Article{ResendeZDBSMCCSAMFCPWL:2021:NeFiSp,
               author = "Resende, Laysa Cristina Ara{\'u}jo and Zhu, Y. and Denardini, 
                         Clezio Marcos and Batista, Inez Staciarini and Shi, J. and Moro, 
                         Juliano and Chen, Sony Su and Concei{\c{c}}{\~a}o Santos, F. and 
                         Silva, Ligia Alves da and Andrioli, V{\^a}nia F{\'a}tima and 
                         Muella, Marcio Tadeu de Assis Honorato and Fagundes, P. R. and 
                         Carrasco, A. J. and Pillat, V. G. and Wang, C. and Liu, Z.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {State Key 
                         Laboratory of Space Weather} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {State Key Laboratory of Space Weather} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade do Vale do 
                         Para{\'{\i}}ba (UNIVAP)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Universidade do Vale do Para{\'{\i}}ba (UNIVAP)} 
                         and {Universidade do Vale do Para{\'{\i}}ba (UNIVAP)} and 
                         {Universidad de Los Andes} and {Universidade do Vale do 
                         Para{\'{\i}}ba (UNIVAP)} and {State Key Laboratory of Space 
                         Weather} and {State Key Laboratory of Space Weather}",
                title = "New Findings of the Sporadic E (Es) Layer Development Around the 
                         Magnetic Equator During a High-Speed Solar (HSS) Wind Stream 
                         Event",
              journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "126",
               number = "9",
                pages = "e2021JA029416",
                month = "Sept.",
             keywords = "equatorial sporadic layers, gradient drift instability, sporadic 
                         layers simulation.",
             abstract = "The equatorial (Esq) and blanketing (Esb) sporadic (Es) layers 
                         occur due to the Equatorial Electrojet Current (EEJ) plasma 
                         instabilities and tidal wind components, respectively. Both Esq 
                         and Esb layers can appear concurrently over some Brazilian 
                         equatorial regions due to the peculiar geomagnetic field 
                         configuration in this sector. Previous works indicate that the 
                         inclination angle limit for the Esq occurrence in ionograms is 7°. 
                         However, we found evidence that regions more distant can also 
                         experience such equatorial dynamics during disturbed periods. In 
                         this context, we deeply investigated this EEJ influence expansion 
                         effect by analyzing the Esq layers in regions not so close to the 
                         magnetic equator during a high-speed solar wind stream event that 
                         occurred on May 05 and 06, 2018. To explain these atypical Esq 
                         layer occurrences, we considered the Es layer parameters obtained 
                         from digital ionosondes over the Brazilian regions, S{\~a}o 
                         Lu{\'{\i}}s (dip: 9.5°), and Araguatins (dip: 10.5°). We use 
                         magnetometer data and a model named MIRE (E Region Ionospheric 
                         Model) to validate this mechanism. The results show that the 
                         eastward electric field of the Gradient Drift instability in the 
                         EEJ is effective during the magnetic storm main phase in the 
                         boundary equatorial magnetic sites, creating the Esq layers. Thus, 
                         the EEJ plasma irregularity superimposes the wind shear mechanism, 
                         changing the Es layer dynamics during disturbed periods over the 
                         magnetic equator boundary sites. Therefore, this work establishes 
                         new findings of the EEJ influence expansion dynamics in the Es 
                         layer formation over the Brazilian regions, which was considered 
                         in MIRE for the first time.",
                  doi = "10.1029/2021JA029416",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029416",
                 issn = "2169-9402",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "resende_new.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "16 jun. 2024"
}