@PhDThesis{Cantador:2022:EfClMu,
author = "Cantador, Debora Cristina",
title = "Efeitos do clima e da mudan{\c{c}}a no uso e cobertura da terra
no ciclo hidrol{\'o}gico, no Sudeste brasileiro",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2022",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2021-12-17",
keywords = "recursos h{\'{\i}}dricos, mudan{\c{c}}as clim{\'a}ticas,
mudan{\c{c}}as de uso e cobertura da terra, abordagem conceitual,
modelagem hidrol{\'o}gica, water resources, climate changes,
changes in land use and land cover, conceptual approach,
hydrological modeling.",
abstract = "Nos {\'u}ltimos 50 anos, os ecossistemas v{\^e}m sofrendo
processos de degrada{\c{c}}{\~a}o ambiental, o que acarreta em
consequ{\^e}ncias na organiza{\c{c}}{\~a}o, estrutura e nos
servi{\c{c}}os ecossist{\^e}micos, sendo as a{\c{c}}{\~o}es
humanas e as mudan{\c{c}}as clim{\'a}ticas as principais
atividades que atuam nesse sentido. As mudan{\c{c}}as
clim{\'a}ticas podem alterar o ciclo hidrol{\'o}gico, como a
din{\^a}mica da precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o e
evapotranspira{\c{c}}{\~a}o, umidade do solo, disponibilidade de
{\'a}gua subterr{\^a}nea e a magnitude e o tempo do processo de
escoamento, j{\'a} as atividades humanas, associadas
principalmente com as mudan{\c{c}}as no uso e cobertura da terra,
impactam diretamente na disponibilidade de {\'a}gua, aumentam as
superf{\'{\i}}cies imperme{\'a}veis, reduzem a {\'a}rea
natural de vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o, alteram as propriedades do solo,
a intercepta{\c{c}}{\~a}o da precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o e a
rugosidade superficial. Assim, avaliar esses impactos se tornou
contribuinte essencial para o planejamento e gest{\~a}o adequada
dos recursos h{\'{\i}}dricos, servindo de base para a
compreens{\~a}o da din{\^a}mica de uma bacia hidrogr{\'a}fica.
V{\'a}rias s{\~a}o as metodologias aplicadas com a finalidade de
auxiliar no conhecimento e a atua{\c{c}}{\~a}o dessas
for{\c{c}}antes de forma dissociada. A abordagem conceitual e a
modelagem hidrol{\'o}gica s{\~a}o exemplos dessas metodologias.
A primeira capaz de trazer resultados r{\'a}pidos com a
aplica{\c{c}}{\~a}o de uma s{\'e}rie hist{\'o}rica de dados
hidroclim{\'a}ticos, de no m{\'{\i}}nimo 10 anos, e a
modelagem, que exige uma quantidade maior de dados, por{\'e}m
possibilita a simula{\c{c}}{\~a}o de cen{\'a}rios que podem ser
{\'u}teis na proposi{\c{c}}{\~a}o de medidas mitigadoras. Dessa
forma, essa tese objetivou analisar o impacto das mudan{\c{c}}as
de uso e cobertura da terra e das mudan{\c{c}}as clim{\'a}ticas
sobre tr{\^e}s sub-bacias da Bacia Hidrogr{\'a}fica do Rio
Sapuca{\'{\i}}, aplicando-se as metodologias citadas
anteriormente. Os resultados mostraram que a bacia
hidrogr{\'a}fica do Rio Sapuca{\'{\i}} est{\'a} sujeita as
tend{\^e}ncias clim{\'a}ticas mundiais, al{\'e}m de ser uma
bacia composta por altas taxas de degrada{\c{c}}{\~a}o
ambiental. As mudan{\c{c}}as de uso e cobertura da terra foram
aquelas que mais trouxeram impactos nas taxas de fluxo de
{\'a}gua para as tr{\^e}s sub-bacias analisadas, em
decorr{\^e}ncia das altas taxas de desmatamento ocorridas entre
1940 a 1970. Os cen{\'a}rios tamb{\'e}m mostraram como o
crescimento urbano pode trazer consequ{\^e}ncias sobre a demanda
h{\'{\i}}drica para a popula{\c{c}}{\~a}o. Assim, a
aplica{\c{c}}{\~a}o dessas metodologias se mostrou vi{\'a}vel e
contribu{\'{\i}}ram para a an{\'a}lise hist{\'o}rica e de
simula{\c{c}}{\~a}o de situa{\c{c}}{\~o}es, que podem auxiliar
na gest{\~a}o desta e de outras bacias hidrogr{\'a}ficas.
ABSTRACT: In the last 50 years, tropical ecosystems have been
negatively affected by forest fragmentation and degradation, which
directly impacts the organization, structure and the fulfillment
of the ecosystem services. Human actions and climate change
appears to be the primary activities acting in this direction.
Climate change may maximize the negative effects of the ongoing
degradation by altering the hydrological cycle, such as the
dynamics of precipitation and evapotranspiration processes, soil
moisture, groundwater availability and the magnitude and timing of
the runoff process, as well as land use and land cover changes
induced by human activities directly impact the availability of
water, increase impermeable surfaces, reduce the natural area of
natural vegetation, alter soil properties, interception of
precipitation and surface roughness. Thus, assessing these impacts
has become essential for planning and management of water
resources, contributing for better understanding of the dynamics
on hydrographic basins. Amongst several methodologies that have
been applied to assist the knowledge and performance of these
forcings in a dissociated way, the conceptual approach and
hydrological modeling were chosen. The first one allows us to
quick results by using historical series of hydroclimatic data, at
least 10 years-window, and the modeling, which requires a larger
amount of data, but allows to simulate scenarios that gives
support to mitigation programs. Thus, this thesis aimed to analyze
the impact of land use and land cover changes, and climate change
on three sub-basins of the Sapuca{\'{\i}} river basin by
applying the methodologies above mentioned. The results showed
that the Sapuca{\'{\i}} river basin is subjected to global
climate trends, in addition to being a highly environmental
degradated. Changes in land use and land cover impacted the most
on water flow rates as a result of the high historical rates of
deforestation between 1940 and 1970 for all three studied basins.
The scenarios also provided important insights on how urban growth
impacts the water demand for the population. Thus, the application
of these methodologies proved to be viable and contributed to
historical analysis and scenario simulation, supporting the
management of hydrographic basins.",
committee = "Escada, Maria Isabel Sobral (presidente) and Arag{\~a}o, Luiz
Eduardo Oliveira e Cruz de (orientador) and Borma, Laura de Simone
and Andr{\'e}s Rodriguez, Daniel and Nagy, Laszlo Karoly",
englishtitle = "Effects of climate and change in land use and land cover in the
hydrological cycle in Southeastern Brazil",
language = "pt",
pages = "124",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34T/46CGEUE",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34T/46CGEUE",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "25 jun. 2024"
}