@Article{LacerdaFreiMaca:2022:ElChTo,
               author = "Lacerda, Juliana Cestari and Freitas, Celso and Macau, Elbert 
                         Einstein Nehrer",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade Federal 
                         de S{\~a}o Paulo (UNIFESP)}",
                title = "Elementary changes in topology and power transmission capacity can 
                         induce failures in power grids",
              journal = "Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications",
                 year = "2022",
               volume = "590",
                pages = "e126704",
                month = "Mar.",
             keywords = "Braess’ paradox, Kuramoto model, Power grids, Synchronization.",
             abstract = "In this work, we show that elementary changes in the topology of 
                         power grids, like the addition or removal of a single transmission 
                         line or the increase of its maximum transmission capacity can 
                         cause failures in the network. Also, we show that the probability 
                         of the occurrence of these failures can be related to the level of 
                         centralization of energy generation and to the nature of the nodes 
                         being connected by the transmission line being considered, 
                         although the increase in the transmission capacity does not seem 
                         to be much affected by the level of centralization. When 
                         considering a centralized power grid, that is, one grid whose 
                         power is supplied by just a few generators, one must be very 
                         careful when contemplating a change between two consumers, being 
                         an addition, removal or increase in the transmission capacity of 
                         the transmission line connecting them, as there is a considerable 
                         probability that this change may cause a failure in the network. 
                         In the decentralized power grid, the modification that cause most 
                         of the failures in the grid is between a consumer and a generator 
                         when the removal or increase in the transmission capacity is being 
                         considered. Therefore, one must be very careful when planning an 
                         update in an existing power grid or when building a new one as a 
                         single modification in the grid may lead the system out of the 
                         synchronous state.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.physa.2021.126704",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2021.126704",
                 issn = "0378-4371",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "lacerda_elementary_2022.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "25 jun. 2024"
}