@Article{RubertSZVMBRGR:2022:PaCoLa,
               author = "Rubert, Gisele Cristina Dotto and Souza, Vanessa de Arruda and 
                         Zimmer, Tam{\'{\i}}res and Veeck, Gustavo Pujol and Mergen, 
                         Alecsander and Bremm, Tiago and Ruhoff, Anderson and 
                         Gon{\c{c}}alves, Lu{\'{\i}}s Gustavo Gon{\c{c}}alves de and 
                         Roberti, D{\'e}bora Regina",
          affiliation = "{Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)} and {Universidade 
                         Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)} and {Universidade Federal de Santa 
                         Maria (UFSM)} and {Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)} and 
                         {Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)} and {Universidade 
                         Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)} and {Universidade Federal do Rio 
                         Grande do Sul (UFRGS)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 
                         (UFSM)}",
                title = "Patterns and controls of the latent and sensible heat fluxes in 
                         the Brazilian Pampa Biome",
              journal = "Atmosphere",
                 year = "2022",
               volume = "138",
               number = "1",
                pages = "e23",
                month = "Jan.",
             keywords = "Aerodynamic conductance, Energy balance, Evapotranspiration, 
                         Grassland, Surface conductance.",
             abstract = "Energy and water exchange between the surface and the atmosphere 
                         are important drivers to Earths climate from local to global 
                         scale. In this study, the energy dynamic and the biophysical 
                         mechanisms that control the energy partitioning over a natural 
                         grassland pasture over the Brazilian Pampa biome are investigated 
                         using two micrometeorological sites located 300 km apart, in 
                         Southern Brazil. The latent heat flux, LE, was the main component 
                         of the energy balance in both autumn-winter (AW) and spring-summer 
                         (SS) periods. Annually, approximately 60% of the available energy 
                         is used for evapotranspiration (ET). However, the Bowen ratio 
                         presents seasonal variability greater in AW than SS. Global 
                         radiation, Rg, is the atmospheric variable controlling LE and 
                         sensible heat flux, H. Hysteresis curves in the daily cycle were 
                         observed for ET and surface conductance, Cs, regarding the 
                         environmental variables, net radiation, vapor pressure deficit, 
                         and air temperature. Among the variables analyzed in the Pampa 
                         biome, surface conductance and evapotranspiration respond more 
                         strongly to the vapor pressure deficit. The hysteresis cycles 
                         formed by ET and conductance show a substantial biophysical 
                         control in the ET process. The results obtained here allowed a 
                         comprehension of the biophysical mechanisms involved in the energy 
                         partition process in natural grassland. Therefore, this study can 
                         be used as a base for research on land-use changes in this unique 
                         ecosystem of the Pampa biome.",
                  doi = "10.3390/atmos13010023",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13010023",
                 issn = "2073-4433",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Rubert_patterns.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "25 jun. 2024"
}