@Article{BezerraToVoAgLiAnBe:2022:SpAnDy,
               author = "Bezerra, Francisco Gilney Silva and Toledo, Peter Mann de and Von 
                         Randow, Celso and Aguiar, Ana Paula Dutra de and Lima, 
                         Patr{\'{\i}}cia Ver{\^o}nica Pinheiro Sales and Anjos, Luciano 
                         Jorge Serejo dos and Bezerra, Karine Rocha Aguiar",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade Federal do Cear{\'a} (UFC)} 
                         and {Universidade Federal Rural da Amaz{\^o}nia (UFRA)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Spatio-temporal analysis of dynamics and future scenarios of 
                         anthropic pressure on biomes in Brazil",
              journal = "Ecological Indicators",
                 year = "2022",
               volume = "137",
                pages = "e108749",
                month = "Apr.",
             keywords = "Anthropogenic, Biomes, Index, Land use and land cover, Pressure, 
                         Scenarios.",
             abstract = "Anthropogenic transformations, which have become intensified by 
                         land use and land cover changes and industrialization, have 
                         contributed to increased anthropogenic pressure on biodiversity. 
                         These disturbances contribute toward fragmentating habitats at 
                         different scales and putting species at risk, in addition to 
                         compromising the main biogeochemical cycles. To better understand 
                         the spatiotemporal dynamics of anthropogenic pressure on Brazilian 
                         biomes, this study sought to develop a composite index to identify 
                         and analyze the degree and distribution of anthropogenic-based 
                         pressure on biodiversity, and identify internally homogeneous and 
                         heterogeneous regions regarding the dynamics of this pressure in 
                         different scenarios. To that end, we carried out an analysis of 
                         the impact of select anthropogenic factors. Specifically, we 
                         analyzed future scenarios involving land use and land cover 
                         changes in line with the global structure Shared Socio-Economic 
                         Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), 
                         according to the narratives SSP1/RCP 1.9, SSP2/ RCP 4.5 and 
                         SSP3/RCP 7.0. We used cluster and spatial analyses to determine 
                         the spatial dynamics of the index and, consequently, the regions 
                         most susceptible to anthropogenic pressure. The results 
                         demonstrate intensified pressure on biodiversity in areas that 
                         have already been subject to a considerable degree of 
                         disturbances, especially the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic 
                         Forest biomes. In all scenarios, the region with the highest 
                         average pressure index, i.e., Region 4, which has an average 
                         pressure index of 0.57, corresponds to 30% of Brazilian territory. 
                         This method made it possible to determine the level of pressure in 
                         each region and, subsequently, identify the regions that have been 
                         most affected by human actions in an effort to guide priority 
                         actions and local policies. However, it should be noted that this 
                         approach should be complemented with additional information, such 
                         as soil erosion, field recognition, and socioeconomic 
                         information.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108749",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108749",
                 issn = "1470-160X",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "bezerra_2022_spatio.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "25 jun. 2024"
}