@InProceedings{HerdiesABPSOCKF:2022:VaThBr,
               author = "Herdies, Dirceu Lu{\'{\i}}s and Alvim, D{\'e}bora Souza and 
                         Basso, Luana Santamaria and Pendharkar, Jayant and Souza, Dayana 
                         Castilho de and Oyerinde, Gabriel and Coelho, Simone Marilene 
                         Sievert da Costa and Kubota, Paulo Yoshio and Figueroa, Silvio 
                         Nilo",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Sheda Science and Technology Complex} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Validadion of three Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model experiments 
                         (without, fixed and monthly climatological aerosol) against ERA5 
                         and CERES-EBAF",
            booktitle = "Proceedings...",
                 year = "2022",
         organization = "EGU General Assembly",
            publisher = "EGU",
             abstract = "The Suns radiation is the primary energy source for chemical, 
                         biological, and physical processes that happen in the climate 
                         system. Thus, the earth-atmosphere radiative balance system is one 
                         of the main aspects of climate change. Natural fluctuations in 
                         incident solar radiation caused by the sunspot cycle can influence 
                         the energy balance. In addition, human activities can also affect 
                         this balance. Changes in gases and aerosols emissions to the 
                         atmosphere can modify its composition because they are involved in 
                         complex chemical reactions, such as ozone concentrations. Gases 
                         and aerosols can absorb, scatter, and reflect incident solar 
                         radiation, thereby affecting the balance. This study assesses the 
                         direct impact of aerosol (through changing the optical depth of 
                         aerosol-AOD in the radiation subroutine) on the surface 
                         atmospheric temperature and radiation balance. Three simple 
                         experiments for 1998-2017 were carried out through numerical 
                         modeling using BAM-v1.2 (Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model), the 
                         operational weather and climate forecasting model at CPTEC/INPE 
                         (Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies/National 
                         Institute for Space Research). These experiments were zero 
                         aerosols, fixed AOD over the land and ocean, and AOD climatology 
                         with a spatial and temporal variation (AOD-C). The surface 
                         atmospheric temperature was validated against the ERA5 reanalysis 
                         from December to February (DJF) and June to August (JJA). Also, 
                         the downward shortwave solar radiation on the clear-sky variable 
                         was validated against CERES-EBAF satellite data. We performed the 
                         bias, the difference between the model and the reanalysis data 
                         (ERA5) and EBAF-CERES, correlation and RMSE of the model results 
                         against ERA5 and EBAF-CERES for surface temperature and downward 
                         shortwave solar radiation on clear-sky respectively. Our results 
                         have shown a positive bias atmospheric surface temperature for the 
                         northern hemisphere continent and a negative bias for the southern 
                         hemisphere continent during JJA. We observed a decrease in this 
                         positive bias in the northern hemisphere in the experiments with 
                         fixed aerosols, but an important improvement (vies, correlation, 
                         and RMSE) was observed in the experiment with AOD-C. On the other 
                         hand, during the DJF period, the model has a positive bias only in 
                         some continental areas, such as southwestern South America and 
                         South Africa, North Africa, and the Australian continent. 
                         Similarly, to JJA, we observed improvements in these regions in 
                         the experiments that use fixed and AOD-C. The downward shortwave 
                         solar radiation on clear-sky results for both DJF and JJA showed 
                         an inversion from the positive bias to a negative bias in the 
                         model version without aerosols to the model with fixed aerosols 
                         and AOD-C, due to the presence of the aerosol, which reduces short 
                         wave flow. An important improvement (vies, correlation, and RMSE) 
                         in the downward shortwave solar clear sky was observed in the 
                         version that uses AOD-C during JJA.",
  conference-location = "Online",
      conference-year = "23-27 May 2022",
                  doi = "10.5194/egusphere-egu22-6250",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-6250",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "EGU22-6250-print.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "25 jun. 2024"
}