@Article{EscobarMarqDere:2022:SyPaSo,
               author = "Escobar, Gustavo Carlos Juan and Marques, Ana Clara de Almeida and 
                         Dereczynski, Claudine Pereira",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)} and {Universidade 
                         Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)}",
                title = "Synoptic patterns of South Atlantic Convergence Zone episodes 
                         associated with heavy rainfall events in the city of Rio de 
                         Janeiro, Brazil",
              journal = "Atmosfera",
                 year = "2022",
               volume = "35",
               number = "2",
                pages = "287--305",
             keywords = "SACZ, synoptic climatology, composite analysis, principal pattern 
                         sequence analysis.",
             abstract = "El presente estudio presenta una caracterizaci{\'o}n 
                         sin{\'o}ptica de los episodios de la Zona de Convergencia del 
                         Atl{\'a}ntico Sur (ZCAS) que causaron eventos de lluvia fuerte 
                         (ELF) en la ciudad de R{\'{\i}}o de Janeiro (CRJ) entre 2006 y 
                         2016. Se identificaron 77 episodios de ZCAS en la CRJ (ZCRJ), que 
                         representaron el 81% del total de eventos de ZCAS en Brasil. Se 
                         encontr{\'o} un total de 37 episodios de ZCRJ con al menos un 
                         d{\'{\i}}a de ELF durante el per{\'{\i}}odo que dur{\'o} el 
                         evento (ZELF), representando casi la mitad (48%) de los eventos de 
                         ZCAS en la CRJ. En el 68.6% de estos casos, los ELF ocurrieron en 
                         los dos primeros d{\'{\i}}as del evento de ZELF. El patr{\'o}n 
                         sin{\'o}ptico medio asociado con ZELF mostr{\'o} un frente 
                         fr{\'{\i}}o en el Oc{\'e}ano Atl{\'a}ntico conectado con un 
                         sistema de baja presi{\'o}n ubicado cerca de la costa del estado 
                         de R{\'{\i}}o de Janeiro (RJ). La humedad espec{\'{\i}}fica en 
                         850 hPa mostr{\'o} un patr{\'o}n de dipolo con 
                         anomal{\'{\i}}as positivas en el sureste de Brasil y 
                         anomal{\'{\i}}as negativas en el sur de Brasil, desde el 
                         d{\'{\i}}a anterior a la ocurrencia del ZELF. La presencia de 
                         una cresta an{\'o}mala en niveles superiores en el sureste de 
                         Brasil fue determinante para intensificar las fuertes lluvias en 
                         la CRJ. La clasificaci{\'o}n sin{\'o}ptica mostr{\'o} cuatro 
                         patrones de superficie principales asociados con ZELF. Los dos 
                         patrones m{\'a}s frecuentes se asociaron con un frente 
                         fr{\'{\i}}o cerca de la costa del estado de RJ y los otros dos 
                         se relacionaron con la presencia de un anticicl{\'o}n con 
                         caracter{\'{\i}}sticas de bloqueo y con la presencia de un 
                         cicl{\'o}n extratropical d{\'e}bil cerca de la costa del estado 
                         de RJ, respectivamente. ABSTRACT: The present study provides a 
                         synoptic characterization of South Atlantic Convergence Zone 
                         (SACZ) episodes that caused heavy rainfall events (HRE) in the 
                         city of Rio de Janeiro (CRJ) between 2006 and 2016. A total of 77 
                         SACZ episodes were identified in the CRJ (SCRJ), which represented 
                         81% of the total SACZ events in Brazil. At least one day of HRE 
                         during the SACZ period (SHRE) was found in 37 SCRJ episodes, 
                         representing almost half (48%) of the SACZ events in the CRJ. In 
                         68.6% of these cases, the heavy rainfall occurred on the first two 
                         days of the SHRE period. The mean synoptic pattern of SHRE showed 
                         a cold front in the Atlantic Ocean connected with a low-pressure 
                         system located near the coast of Rio de Janeiro state (RJ). The 
                         850 hPa specific humidity showed a dipole pattern with positive 
                         anomalies in southeastern Brazil and negative anomalies in 
                         southern Brazil since the day before the occurrence of SHRE. An 
                         anomalous upper-level ridge in southeastern Brazil was relevant to 
                         intensifying the heavy rainfall in the CRJ. The synoptic 
                         classification showed four main surface synoptic patterns 
                         associated with SHRE. The two most frequent patterns were 
                         associated with a cold front close to the coast of RJ, and the 
                         other two were related to the presence of an anticyclone with 
                         blocking characteristics and to the presence of a weak 
                         extratropical cyclone near the coast of RJ.",
                  doi = "10.20937/ATM.52942",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.20937/ATM.52942",
                 issn = "0187-6236",
           targetfile = "52942-Article Text-156091-1-10-20220214.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "14 jun. 2024"
}