@Article{MartinsMoMoArMaPaEs:2022:DeStKe,
               author = "Martins, Eduardo Ferreira and Moura, Nayara Koba de and Moura, 
                         Thales Koba de and Ara{\'u}jo, Ticiana Vasques and Machado, 
                         Jo{\~a}o Paulo Barros and Passador, F{\'a}bio Roberto and 
                         Esposito, Elisa",
          affiliation = "{Universidade Federal de S{\~a}o Paulo (UNIFESP)} and 
                         {Universidade Federal de S{\~a}o Paulo (UNIFESP)} and 
                         {Universidade Federal de S{\~a}o Paulo (UNIFESP)} and 
                         {Universidade Federal de S{\~a}o Paulo (UNIFESP)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade Federal 
                         de S{\~a}o Paulo (UNIFESP)} and {Universidade Federal de S{\~a}o 
                         Paulo (UNIFESP)}",
                title = "Determination and standardization of the kefiran extraction 
                         protocol for possible pharmacological applications",
              journal = "Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications",
                 year = "2022",
               volume = "3",
                pages = "e100198",
                month = "June",
             keywords = "Biopolymer, Exopolysaccharide, Fermentation, Kefir, Kefiran.",
             abstract = "The use of biopolymers in medicine and pharmacology is of great 
                         scientific, technological, and commercial interest. A possibility 
                         of biopolymer for use in pharmacological applications is the 
                         kefiran, an exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by bacteria that form 
                         kefir grains during the milk fermentation process in which the 
                         grains are growing. The EPS extraction method can modify its 
                         concentration and structure. To establish the most appropriate 
                         kefiran extraction protocol and standardize this method, three 
                         different extraction processes were evaluated, which differ in the 
                         boiling times and in the presence (or not) of agitation. Kefiran 
                         obtained by different methods were characterized by 
                         thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared 
                         spectroscopy (FTIR), electron scanning field emission microscopy 
                         (FESEM), and determination of antimicrobial potential. The samples 
                         showed differences in yield, chemical composition, degree of 
                         purity, thermal properties, and antimicrobial capacity. The 
                         results analyzed indicated that extraction protocol 1 (EP 1) with 
                         a longer heating time and constant agitation was able to provide 
                         the best thermal resistance, with a high degree of purity (93%), 
                         and yield (22.18 mg of kefiran obtained for each gram of kefir 
                         grains used). In addition, this method provides good biological 
                         activity as a potential antimicrobial agent and can be a potential 
                         biopolymer for pharmacological application.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100198",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100198",
                 issn = "2666-8939",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "martins_2022_determination.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "15 jun. 2024"
}