@Article{TaczaOdTuRaKuFeMa:2022:InEfSo,
               author = "Tacza, J. and Odzimek, A. and Tueros Cuadros, Edith and Raulin, J. 
                         P. and Kubicki, M. and Fernandez, G. and Marun, A.",
          affiliation = "{Polish Academy of Sciences} and {Polish Academy of Sciences} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie} and {Polish Academy of 
                         Sciences} and {Complejo Astronomico El Leoncito} and {Instituto de 
                         Ciencias Astronomicas de la Tierra y el Espacio}",
                title = "Investigating Effects of Solar Proton Events and Forbush Decreases 
                         on Ground-Level Potential Gradient Recorded at Middle and Low 
                         Latitudes and Different Altitudes",
              journal = "Space Weather",
                 year = "2022",
               volume = "20",
               number = "3",
                pages = "e2021SW002944",
                month = "Mar.",
             keywords = "solar proton events, Forbush decreases, potential gradient, global 
                         electric circuit.",
             abstract = "High-energetic charged particles, such as solar protons, and 
                         phenomena such as Forbush decreases are eligible candidates to 
                         affect the global electric circuit. These effects have been 
                         studied by analyzing disturbances of the potential gradient in 
                         ground-based measurements in fair weather regions. In this paper, 
                         we investigate deviations in the potential gradient diurnal curve, 
                         during solar proton events, and Forbush decreases, from the mean 
                         values obtained in fair weather conditions. In each situation, we 
                         select only events which are not accompanied or followed by the 
                         other. Using the superposed epoch analysis, in order to enhance 
                         the visualization of small effects, we study the potential 
                         gradient data recorded between January 2010 and December 2019 at 
                         two stations located at low and middle-latitudes, and at two 
                         different altitudes: the Complejo Astronomico El Leoncito 
                         (CASLEO), Argentina: 31.78 degrees S, 2550 m a.s.l., and the 
                         Geophysical Observatory in Swider (SWIDER), Poland: 52.12 degrees 
                         N, 100 m a.s.l., respectively. For intense solar proton events 
                         (>100 MeV) we found a statistically significant increase of the 
                         potential gradient after solar proton events recorded at CASLEO 
                         and no such deviation in the potential gradient recorded at 
                         SWIDER. For Forbush decrease events (greater than 4%), no 
                         significant deviation of the potential gradient after the start of 
                         the event was found in both stations, however for very intense 
                         Forbush decreases (>7%) we found an increase of the potential 
                         gradient recorded at CASLEO.",
                  doi = "10.1029/2021SW002944",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002944",
                 issn = "1542-7390",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Space Weather - 2022 - Tacza - Investigating Effects of Solar 
                         Proton Events and Forbush Decreases on Ground\‐Level 
                         Potential.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "25 jun. 2024"
}