@Article{CoelhoGherGouvKita:2022:CoInOi,
               author = "Coelho, Stella Correira Cesar and Gherardi, Douglas Francisco 
                         Marcolino and Gouveia, Mainara Biazati and Kitahara, Marcelo 
                         Visentini",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade Federal 
                         da Bahia (UFBA)} and {Universidade Federal de S{\~a}o Paulo 
                         (UNIFESP)}",
                title = "Western boundary currents drive sun-coral (Tubastraea spp.) 
                         coastal invasion from oil platforms",
              journal = "Scientific Reports",
                 year = "2022",
               volume = "12",
               number = "1",
                pages = "e5286",
                month = "Mar.",
             abstract = "Most marine species have a planktonic larval phase that benefit 
                         from the surface oceanic flow to enhance their dispersion 
                         potential. For invasive species, the interaction of 
                         environmentally resistant larvae with different flow regimes and 
                         artificial substrates can lead to complex larval dispersion 
                         patterns and boost geographic expansion. In the Southwest 
                         Atlantic, the invasive corals Tubastraea spp. (sun-coral) have 
                         been recorded biofouling on oil platforms since the late 1980s. 
                         These platforms are considered important vectors for the 
                         established populations throughout the Brazilian coast. However, 
                         we still do not know how the position of these structures relative 
                         to regional flow contribute to the natural dispersion potential of 
                         these invaders on a regional scale. Herein, we used an 
                         eddy-resolving ocean model (ROMS) and an Individual Based Model 
                         (IBM-Ichthyop) to simulate the natural dispersion patterns of 
                         sun-coral larvae from all oil platforms on Brazilian oil-producing 
                         basins, for the austral summer and winter along 6 years 
                         (2010-2015) in 90-day simulations. We found that mortality rates 
                         by advection were significantly higher during the winter (p = 
                         0.001) and when sources of larvae were compared throughout this 
                         season (p = 1.9 x 10(-17)). The influence of two western boundary 
                         currents and persistent eddy activity contribute to the dispersal 
                         of larvae to distances up to 7000 km. The effectiveness of each 
                         oil-producing basin as vectors for the entire Brazilian coastline, 
                         measured as the percentage of larval supply, highlights the 
                         importance of the northern Ceara (59.89%) and Potiguar (87.47%) 
                         basins and the more central Camamu (44.11%) and Sergipe-Alagoas 
                         (39.20%) basins. The poleward shift of the Southern branch of the 
                         South Equatorial Current during the winter causes larvae released 
                         from the Sergipe-Alagoas and Camamu basins to enter the North 
                         Brazil Current, expanding their dispersion towards the north. The 
                         Brazil Current disperses larvae southwards, but strong mesoscale 
                         activity prevents their dispersion to the coast, especially for 
                         those released from the oil platforms on Campos and Santos basins. 
                         Within this complex hydrodynamic setting, a few source areas, like 
                         those in the Sergipe-Alagoas and Camamu basins, can potentially 
                         contribute to the spread of larvae along nearly all the Brazilian 
                         coast. Therefore, oil platforms act as possible chronic sources of 
                         sun-coral propagules to the coast, emphasizing the urgency for a 
                         more detailed set of actions to control and monitor these invasive 
                         exotic species.",
                  doi = "10.1038/s41598-022-09269-8",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09269-8",
                 issn = "2045-2322",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Coelho_2022_western.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "15 jun. 2024"
}