@Article{WeinandCMLSPGVRSRBBSSSGQCNHBM:2022:DyNaGe,
               author = "Weinand, Wilson Ricarco and Cruz, Jos{\'e} Adauto and Medina, 
                         Antonio Neto and Lima, Walter Moreira and Sato, Francielle and 
                         Palacios, Raquel da Silva and Gibin, Mariana Sversut and 
                         Volnistem, Eduardo Azzolini and Rosso, Jaciele Marcia and Santos, 
                         Ivair Aparecido and Rohling, Jurandir Hillmann and Bento, Antonio 
                         Carlos and Baesso, Mauro Luciano and Silva, Camila Girotto da and 
                         Santos, Erika Xavier dos and Scatolim, Douglas Bolzon and 
                         Gavazzoni, Alessandro and Queiroz, Alfredo Franco and Campanhoni, 
                         Mychelle Vianna Pereira and Nakamura, Tania Ueda and Hernandes, 
                         Luzmarina and Bonadio, Taiana Gabriela Moretti and Miranda, 
                         Lu{\'{\i}}s Carlos Moura",
          affiliation = "{Universidade Estadual de Maring{\'a} (UEM)} and {Universidade 
                         Estadual de Maring{\'a} (UEM)} and {Universidade Estadual de 
                         Maring{\'a} (UEM)} and {Universidade Estadual de Maring{\'a} 
                         (UEM)} and {Universidade Estadual de Maring{\'a} (UEM)} and 
                         {Universidade Estadual de Maring{\'a} (UEM)} and {Universidade 
                         Estadual de Maring{\'a} (UEM)} and {Universidade Estadual de 
                         Maring{\'a} (UEM)} and {Universidade Estadual de Maring{\'a} 
                         (UEM)} and {Universidade Estadual de Maring{\'a} (UEM)} and 
                         {Universidade Estadual de Maring{\'a} (UEM)} and {Universidade 
                         Estadual de Maring{\'a} (UEM)} and {Universidade Estadual de 
                         Maring{\'a} (UEM)} and {Universidade Estadual de Maring{\'a} 
                         (UEM)} and {Universidade Estadual de Maring{\'a} (UEM)} and 
                         {Universidade Estadual de Maring{\'a} (UEM)} and {Universidade 
                         Estadual de Maring{\'a} (UEM)} and {Universidade Estadual de 
                         Maring{\'a} (UEM)} and {Universidade Estadual de Maring{\'a} 
                         (UEM)} and {Universidade Estadual de Maring{\'a} (UEM)} and 
                         {Universidade Estadual de Maring{\'a} (UEM)} and {Universidade 
                         Estadual do Centro Oeste} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Dynamics of the natural genesis of \β-TCP/HAp phases in 
                         postnatal fishbones towards gold standard biocomposites for bone 
                         regeneration",
              journal = "Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular 
                         Spectroscopy",
                 year = "2022",
               volume = "279",
                pages = "e121407",
                month = "Oct.",
             keywords = "Biphasic calcium phosphate, Bone regeneration, Fishbone, Genesis 
                         of the \β,, -TCP/HAp phases, \β,, -tricalcium 
                         phosphate.",
             abstract = "The search for gold-standard materials for bone regeneration is 
                         still a challenge in reconstruction surgery. The ratio between 
                         hydroxyapatite (HAp) and \β-tricalcium phosphate 
                         (\β-TCP) in biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics (BCPs) is 
                         one of the most important factors in osteoinduction promotion and 
                         controlled biodegradability, configurating what is currently 
                         considered as a possible gold standard material for bone 
                         substitution in reconstructive surgery. Exploring the natural 
                         genesis of the HAp and \β-TCP phases in fishbones during 
                         their postnatal growth, this study developed a biphasic bioceramic 
                         obtained from the calcination of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis 
                         niloticus) bones as a function of their ages. The natural genesis 
                         dynamics of the structural evolution of the \β-TCP and HAp 
                         phases were characterized by physicochemical methods, taking into 
                         account of the age of the fish and the material processing 
                         conditions. Thermal analysis (TGA / DTA) showed complete removal 
                         of the organic matter and transitions associated with the 
                         transformation of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CDHA) to HAp and 
                         \β-TCP phases. After calcination at 900 °C, the material was 
                         characterized by: X-ray diffraction (XRD) and refinement by the 
                         Rietveld method; Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy with 
                         Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR); Raman spectroscopy; 
                         Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Flame Atomic Absorption 
                         Spectroscopy (FAAS). The analysis allowed identification and 
                         quantitative estimate of the variations of the HAp and 
                         \β-TCP phases in the formation of the BCPs. The results 
                         showed that the decrease in \β-TCP against the increase in 
                         the HAp phases is symmetrical to the dynamics of the natural 
                         genesis of these phases, surprisingly maintaining the balanced 
                         phase proportion even when bones of young fishes were used. The 
                         microstructure analysis confirms the observed transformation. In 
                         addition, in vivo tests demonstrated the osteoinductive potential 
                         of BCP scaffolds implanted in an ectopic site, and their 
                         remarkable regenerative functionality, as bone graft, was 
                         demonstrated in alveolar bone after tooth extraction. MTT 
                         cytotoxicity assay for BCP samples for MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts 
                         and L929 fibroblasts cells showed viability equal or higher than 
                         100%. A logistic empirical model is presented to explain the three 
                         stages of HAp natural formation with fish age and it is also 
                         compared to the fish size evolution.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.saa.2022.121407",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2022.121407",
                 issn = "1386-1425",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "1-s2.0-S138614252200556X-main.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "25 jun. 2024"
}