@Article{FrancoEcheBolzFrae:2022:MaExOb,
               author = "Franco, Adriane Marques de Souza and Echer, Ezequiel and Bolzan, 
                         M. J. A. and Fraenz, M.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade Federal 
                         de Jatai} and {Mak Planck for Solar System Research}",
                title = "Study of fluctuations in the Martian magnetosheath using a 
                         kurtosis technique: Mars Express observations",
              journal = "Earth and Planetary Physics",
                 year = "2022",
               volume = "6",
               number = "1",
                pages = "28--41",
             keywords = "Mars magnetosheath, kurtosis, ULF waves.",
             abstract = "Planetary magnetosheaths are characterized by high plasma wave and 
                         turbulence activity. The Martian magnetosheath is no exception; 
                         both upstream and locally generated plasma waves have been 
                         observed in the region between its bow shock and magnetic boundary 
                         layer, its induced magnetosphere. This statistical study of wave 
                         activity in the Martian magnetosheath is based on 12 years 
                         (2005-2016) of observations made during Mars Express (MEX) 
                         crossings of the planet's magnetosheath - in particular, data on 
                         electron density and temperature data collected by the electron 
                         spectrometer (ELS) of the plasma analyzer (ASPERA-3) experiment on 
                         board the MEX spacecraft. A kurtosis parameter has been calculated 
                         for these plasma parameters. This value indicates intermittent 
                         behavior in the data when it is higher than 3 (the value for a 
                         normal or Gaussian distribution). The variation of wave activity 
                         occurrence has been analyzed in relation to solar cycle, Martian 
                         orbit, and distance to the bow shock. Non-Gaussian properties are 
                         observed in the magnetosheath of Mars on all analyzed scales, 
                         especially in those near the proton gyrofrequency in the upstream 
                         region of the Martian magnetosphere. We also report that 
                         non-Gaussian behavior is most prominent at the smaller scales 
                         (higher frequencies). A significant influence of the solar cycle 
                         was also observed; the kurtosis parameter is higher during 
                         declining and solar maximum phases, when the presence of disturbed 
                         solar wind conditions, caused by large scale solar wind 
                         structures, increases. The kurtosis decreases with increasing 
                         distance from the bow shock, which indicates that the 
                         intermittence level is higher near the bow shock. In the electron 
                         temperature data the kurtosis is higher near the perihelion due to 
                         the higher incidence of EUV when the planet is closer to the Sun, 
                         which causes a more extended exosphere, and consequently increases 
                         the wave activity in the magnetosheath and its upstream region. 
                         The extended exosphere seems to play a lower effect in the 
                         electron density data.",
                  doi = "10.26464/epp2022006",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.26464/epp2022006",
                 issn = "2096-3955",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "
                         
                         Study+of+fluctuations+in+the+Martian+magnetosheath+using+a+kurtosis+technique_+Mars+Express+observations.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "14 jun. 2024"
}