@PhDThesis{Nunes:2022:InOzEs,
author = "Nunes, Mateus Dias",
title = "Influ{\^e}ncia do oz{\^o}nio estratosf{\'e}rico nos efeitos
din{\^a}micos e radiativos relacionados {\`a}
forma{\c{c}}{\~a}o de bloqueios atmosf{\'e}ricos no
Hemisf{\'e}rio Sul",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2022",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2021-12-16",
keywords = "trocas estratosfera-troposfera, tropopausa, anticiclone, ondas de
Rossby, cut-off low, exchanges stratosphere-troposphere,
tropopause, anticyclone.",
abstract = "Os estudos sobre o impacto que os gases tra{\c{c}}o possuem sobre
a atmosfera s{\~a}o amplamente abordados em
avalia{\c{c}}{\~o}es sazonais e clim{\'a}ticas. Entretanto, o
impacto que as varia{\c{c}}{\~o}es de gases como o oz{\^o}nio,
principalmente quando na estratosfera, tem sobre os sistemas
meteorol{\'o}gicos em escala de tempo, ainda s{\~a}o pouco
exploradas. Com base nessa premissa, a pesquisa teve como objetivo
analisar a influ{\^e}ncia da variabilidade do oz{\^o}nio
estratosf{\'e}rico no comportamento dos processos din{\^a}micos
e radiativos que afetam a forma{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos sistemas de
bloqueios atmosf{\'e}ricos no Hemisf{\'e}rio Sul (HS). A
pesquisa foi dividida em dois grandes grupos de estudo
(observacional e experimental), onde o observacional {\'e}
dividido em mais duas etapas: avalia{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos
conte{\'u}dos nas rean{\'a}lises e rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o
oz{\^o}nio e bloqueios. Na primeira etapa do estudo
observacional, a fim de verificar qual rean{\'a}lise representava
os conte{\'u}dos de oz{\^o}nio mais real{\'{\i}}sticos,
utilizou-se sete rean{\'a}lises globais, sendo elas as Copernicus
Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), Climate Forecast System
Reanalysis (CFSR), ECMWF Re-Analysis Interim (ERA-I), ECMWF
Re-Analysis 5 (ERA-5), Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55),
Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) e Modern-Era
Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2) e
mais dois sensores de refer{\^e}ncia (merge) para o perfil de
oz{\^o}nio a European Space Agencys Climate Change Initiative
(ESA-CCI) e SPARC Data Initiative (SDI) e um merge para a Coluna
Total de Oz{\^o}nio (CTO) o Multi-Sensor Reanalysis II (MSR-II).
O estudo observacional buscou a partir de dados de sensores {\`a}
bordo de sat{\'e}lites e rean{\'a}lises, caracterizar os
padr{\~o}es espaciais e temporais do oz{\^o}nio
estratosf{\'e}rico no HS, e sua rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o com sistemas
de bloqueios atmosf{\'e}ricos. A partir de 10 anos de
observa{\c{c}}{\~o}es (2003-2012) foram avaliados os resultados
sob an{\'a}lises estat{\'{\i}}sticas (m{\'e}dias, desvios
padr{\~a}o, e correla{\c{c}}{\~o}es) que mostraram que a
rean{\'a}lise ERA-5 apresentou os mais consistentes resultados
dos conte{\'u}dos de oz{\^o}nio. J{\'a} a segunda etapa
observacional, utilizou avalia{\c{c}}{\~o}es diagn{\'o}sticas a
partir dos dados da rean{\'a}lise de melhor desempenho da
primeira etapa observacional, a ERA- 5. Para encontrar os eventos
de bloqueio no Hemisf{\'e}rio Sul, foi utilizado um
{\'{\i}}ndice meridional baseado nas diferen{\c{c}}as de altura
geopotencial entre os anos de 2000-2015 nos meses de
Junho-Julho-Agosto. Com isso, foram identificados dezenove eventos
de bloqueio do tipo diplo na regi{\~a}o do Pac{\'{\i}}fico
Sudeste (120°W-80°W e 35°S-65°S). Essa etapa da pesquisa teve como
objetivo identificar os padr{\~o}es atmosf{\'e}ricos associados
com trocas na Troposfera Superior e Estratosfera Inferior e a
rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o entre o oz{\^o}nio estratosf{\'e}rico e o
bloqueio atmosf{\'e}rico. Para descrever os processos que ocorrem
no acoplamento estratosfera-troposfera, foram avaliados o fluxo de
massa e as taxas de aquecimento e resfriamento radiativo em
n{\'{\i}}veis elevados da atmosfera. Observou-se que a
intrus{\~a}o de uma estratosf{\'e}rica {\'e} caracterizada por
anomalias de vorticidade potencial e uma alta
concentra{\c{c}}{\~a}o de oz{\^o}nio estratosf{\'e}rico na
coluna atmosf{\'e}rica, associado aos Cut-off Lows (COLs).
J{\'a} nas regi{\~o}es de altas press{\~o}es, os conte{\'u}dos
de oz{\^o}nio s{\~a}o associados com as quebras
anticicl{\^o}nicas das ondas de Rossby e a
amplifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o de cristas geradoras das altas
press{\~o}es de bloqueio. An{\'a}lises de signific{\^a}ncia
estat{\'{\i}}stica mostraram que as anomalias dos conte{\'u}dos
de oz{\^o}nio em altos n{\'{\i}}veis, ao serem defasados com
rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o ao primeiro modo de variabilidade da altura
geopotencial, mostram que h{\'a} um a perturba{\c{c}}{\~a}o
primeiro no campo de oz{\^o}nio que favorece a
forma{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos bloqueios no PSE. J{\'a} no estudo
experimental, foram selecionados quatro eventos dos quais fazem
parte dos dezenove encontrados no PSE na segunda etapa do estudo
observacional. Utilizando o modelo global do Centro de
previs{\~a}o de Tempo e Estudos Clim{\'a}ticos (CPTEC), o
Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model (BAM), foram simulados os
quatro eventos de bloqueio, visando a avalia{\c{c}}{\~a}o da
sensibilidade do modelo em reproduzir as trocas entre a baixa
estratosfera e a alta troposfera, as taxas de aquecimento devido
as perturba{\c{c}}{\~o}es no campo de oz{\^o}nio
estratosf{\'e}rico. Estas perturba{\c{c}}{\~o}es foram em torno
dos desvios padr{\~o}es dos eventos curtos e longos no PSE. os
resultados mostram boa consist{\^e}ncia nas an{\'a}lises
f{\'{\i}}sicas e nas signific{\^a}ncias estat{\'{\i}}sticas
no que tange o impacto das varia{\c{c}}{\~o}es do oz{\^o}nio na
forma{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos bloqueios atmosf{\'e}ricos no PSE.
ABSTRACT: Studies on the impact that trace gases have on the
atmosphere are widely covered in seasonal and climatic
assessments. However, the impact that variations in gases such as
ozone, especially when in the stratosphere, have on meteorological
systems on the time scale, are still little explored. Based on
this premise, the research aimed to analyze the influence of
stratospheric ozone variability on the behavior of dynamic and
radiative processes that affect the formation of atmospheric
blocking systems in the Southern Hemisphere (HS). The research was
divided into two large study groups (observational and
experimental), where observational is divided into two more
stages: content evaluation in reanalysis and the ozone and
atmospheric blokings relationship. In the first stage of the
observational study, to verify which reanalysis represented the
most realistic ozone contents, seven global reanalyses were used,
namely the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS),
Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), ECMWF Reanalysis.
Interim Analysis (ERA-I), ECMWF Re-Analysis 5 (ERA-5), Japanese
55-year Reanalysis (JRA- 55), Monitoring Atmospheric Composition
and Climate (MACC) and Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for
Research and Applications (MERRA -2), and two more reference
sensors (merge) for the ozone profile of the European Space
Agencys Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI) and SPARC Data
Initiative (SDI) and a merge for the Column Total Ozone (CTO) o
Multi-Sensor Reanalysis II (MSR-II). The observational study
sought, from sensor data aboard satellites and reanalysis, to
characterize the spatial and temporal patterns of stratospheric
ozone in the HS, and its relationship with atmospheric blocking
systems. From 10 years of observations (2003-2012), the results
were evaluated under statistical analyzes (means, standard
deviations, and correlations) which showed that the ERA-5
reanalysis presented the most consistent results of ozone
contents. The second observational stage, on the other hand, used
diagnostic assessments based on data from the best performance
reanalysis of the first observational stage, ERA-5. To find the
blocking events in the Southern Hemisphere, a southern index based
on the differences in geopotential height between the years
2000-2015 in the months of June-July-August was used. Thus,
nineteen Dipole-type blocking events were identified in the
Southeast Pacific region (120°W-80°W and 35°S-65°S). This stage of
the research aimed to identify the atmospheric patterns associated
with exchanges in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere and
the relationship between stratospheric ozone and atmospheric
blockings. To describe the processes that occur in the
stratospheretroposphere coupling, the mass flux and the rates of
radiative heating and cooling at high levels of the atmosphere
were evaluated. It was observed that a stratospheric intrusion is
characterized by potential vorticity anomalies and a high
concentration of stratospheric ozone in the atmospheric column,
associated with Cut-off Lows (COLs). On the other hand, in regions
of high pressure, the ozone contents are associated with
anticyclonic breaks in Rossby waves and the amplification of
ridges generating the high blocking pressures. Analyzes of
statistical significance showed that the anomalies of ozone
contents at high levels, when lagged concerning the first mode of
geopotential height variability, show that there is a first
disturbance in the ozone field that favors the formation of
atmospheric blockings in the PSE. In the experimental study, four
events were selected, which are part of the nineteen found in the
PSE in the second stage of the observational study. Using the
global model of the Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate
Studies (CPTEC), the Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model (BAM), the
four blocking events were simulated, aiming to assess the
sensitivity of the model in reproducing the exchanges between the
lower stratosphere and the upper troposphere, heating rates due to
disturbances in the stratospheric ozone field. These perturbations
were around the standard deviations of short and long events in
the PSE. the results show good consistency in the physical
analyzes and statistical significance regarding the impact of
ozone variations in the formation of atmospheric blockings in the
PSE.",
committee = "Bonatti, Jos{\'e} Paulo (presidente) and Coelho, Simone Marilene
Sievert da Costa (orientadora) and Kubota, Paulo Yoshio
(orientador) and Cavalcanti, Iracema Fonseca de Albuquerque and
Dias, Pedro Leite da Silva and Peres, Lucas Vaz",
englishtitle = "Influence of stratospheric ozone on dynamic and radiative effects
related to the formation of atmospheric blockings in the Southern
Hemisphere",
language = "pt",
pages = "255",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34T/464ABP2",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34T/464ABP2",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "20 maio 2024"
}