@PhDThesis{Campanharo:2021:AsImCa,
author = "Campanharo, Wesley Augusto",
title = "Assessment of the impact caused by fires in the Brazilian Legal
Amazon from 2001 e 2020",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2021",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2021-07-29",
keywords = "wildfire, Amazon, econometrics, environmental valuating,
geoprocessing, inc{\^e}ndios, Amaz{\^o}nia, econometria,
valora{\c{c}}{\~a}o ambiental, geoprocessamento.",
abstract = "Humans were only able to evolve thanks to the use and the control
of fire learned some million years ago. However, with great power
comes great responsibility, and for now it seems that the fire is
uncontrolled or not well managed. The damages documented so far
can be sensed directly (human life loss, burning production,
damaging infrastructure, reducing biodiversity, affecting cultural
resources) or indirectly (changing the climate, increasing
hospitalizations, reducing tourism, promoting species migration,
and affecting transport of people and goods), both occurring at
any kind of scale (locally, regionally, globally). The Amazon
region is the primary source of biodiversity in the Neotropics,
being the genetic pool to other places and also providing
important ecosystem services. The Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA), is
a geopolitical region, that is responsible for 8.5% of the Gross
Domestic Product (GDP), besides being home for more than 24
million inhabitants, including indigenous and traditional
communities. Only in the past 20 years, severe droughts with major
associated wildfires were reported in the region. This phenomenon
brings several consequences, and most of them are still
uncountable or not well characterized. This thesis, hence, aims to
quantify the impact of fire in the BLA in recent years (from 2001
to 2020), accessing the damage either by a monetary aspect or by a
tangible form, categorizing it in a disaster context
(environmental, material, and human damages). The thesis was based
on three main chapters, the first one is a case study, the second
is a methodological update, and the third one shows the total
damage accounted for the last 20 years. The case study focused on
Acre state aimed to establish a methodological basis to allow the
up scaling the results to the entire BLA region. In the local
scale, the use of fire was closely linked to the agricultural
sector, especially connected to large proprieties as a tool for
deforestation and pasture management. The total damages between
2008 and 2012 in Acre caused by fire represents 0.51%±0.10 of the
states GDP in normal climatic years, reaching up to 7.03% ±2.45 in
drought years (2010). In this case study, the estimate of the
relation between hospitalization and fires was not entirely
elucidated. The second chapter, which covers the whole Amazon,
therefore, was delineated to use an Instrumental Variable (IV)
approach to determine how respiratory hospitalizations are
associated with air pollution induced by fires, using a large data
set. The results revealed a positive effect of fire-pollution on
the hospitalization due to respiratory diseases in general and,
specifically, due to Asthma, which the model predicts that
approximately 4,000 people are yearly affected. The results
indicate that the estimates could have been further improved by
using other pollutant indicators, neighborhood effects, time lag
or even downscaling the series. Finally, the last chapter analyzes
the main pattern of the fire and its impacts over the BLA through
the last 20 years. The results exposed that approximately 17% of
the BLA region already suffered with fire at least once, mostly in
small patches (\&.",
committee = "Arag{\~a}o, Luiz Eduardo Oliveira e Cruz de (presidente) and
Anderson, Liana Oighenstein (orientadora) and Silva, Thiago
Fonseca Morello Ramalho da (orientador) and Alencar, Ane and
Brown, Irving Foster",
englishtitle = "Avalia{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos impactos causados por inc{\^e}ndios na
Amaz{\^o}nia Legal Brasileira entre 2001 e 2020",
language = "en",
pages = "154",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34T/455DTUL",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34T/455DTUL",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "16 jun. 2024"
}