@Article{BhagyaSBDCRGCQJSSAMAFA:2023:LaSuAs,
               author = "Bhagya, Sheela Bhuvanendran and Sumi, Anita Saji and Balaji, 
                         Sankaran and Danumah, Jean Homian and Costache, Romulus and 
                         Rajaneesh, Ambujendran and Gokul, Ajayakumar and Chandrasenan, 
                         Chandini Padmanabhapanicker and Quevedo, Renata Pacheco and Johny, 
                         Alfred and Sajinkumar, Kochappi Sathyan and Saha, Sunil and Ajin, 
                         Rajendran Shobha and Mammen, Pratheesh Chacko and Abdelrahman, 
                         Kamal and Fnais, Mohammed S. and Abioui, Mohamed",
          affiliation = "{Pondicherry University} and {Pondicherry University} and 
                         {Pondicherry University} and {Universit{\'e} F{\'e}lix 
                         Houphou{\"e}t-Boigny} and {National Institute of Hydrology and 
                         Water Management} and {University of Kerala} and {Kerala State 
                         Emergency Operations Centre (KSEOC)} and {Kerala State Emergency 
                         Operations Centre (KSEOC)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Kerala State Emergency Operations Centre 
                         (KSEOC)} and {University of Kerala} and {University of Gour Banga} 
                         and {Kerala State Emergency Operations Centre (KSEOC)} and {Kerala 
                         State Emergency Operations Centre (KSEOC)} and {King Saud 
                         University} and {King Saud University} and {Ibn Zohr University}",
                title = "Landslide susceptibility assessment of a part of the western Ghats 
                         (India) employing the AHP and F-AHP models and comparison with 
                         existing susceptibility maps",
              journal = "Land",
                 year = "2023",
               volume = "12",
               number = "2",
                pages = "e468",
                month = "Feb.",
             keywords = "AHP, F-AHP, GIS-TISSA, Koottickal disaster, landslides, NCESS 
                         model.",
             abstract = "Landslides are prevalent in the Western Ghats, and the incidences 
                         that happened in 2021 in the Koottickal area of the Kottayam 
                         district (Western Ghats) resulted in the loss of 10 lives. The 
                         objectives of this study are to assess the landslide 
                         susceptibility of the high-range local self-governments (LSGs) in 
                         the Kottayam district using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) 
                         and fuzzy-AHP (F-AHP) models and to compare the performance of 
                         existing landslide susceptible maps. This area never witnessed any 
                         massive landslides of this dimension, which warrants the necessity 
                         of relooking into the existing landslide-susceptible models. For 
                         AHP and F-AHP modeling, ten conditioning factors were selected: 
                         slope, soil texture, land use/land cover (LULC), geomorphology, 
                         road buffer, lithology, and satellite image-derived indices such 
                         as the normalized difference road landslide index (NDRLI), the 
                         normalized difference water index (NDWI), the normalized burn 
                         ratio (NBR), and the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). The 
                         landslide-susceptible zones were categorized into three: low, 
                         moderate, and high. The validation of the maps created using the 
                         receiver operating characteristic (ROC) technique ascertained the 
                         performances of the AHP, F-AHP, and TISSA maps as excellent, with 
                         an area under the ROC curve (AUC) value above 0.80, and the NCESS 
                         map as acceptable, with an AUC value above 0.70. Though the 
                         difference is negligible, the map prepared using the TISSA model 
                         has better performance (AUC = 0.889) than the F-AHP (AUC = 0.872), 
                         AHP (AUC = 0.867), and NCESS (AUC = 0.789) models. The validation 
                         of maps employing other matrices such as accuracy, mean absolute 
                         error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE) also confirmed that 
                         the TISSA model (0.869, 0.226, and 0.122, respectively) has better 
                         performance, followed by the F-AHP (0.856, 0.243, and 0.147, 
                         respectively), AHP (0.855, 0.249, and 0.159, respectively), and 
                         NCESS (0.770, 0.309, and 0.177, respectively) models. The most 
                         landslide-inducing factors in this area that were identified 
                         through this study are slope, soil texture, LULC, geomorphology, 
                         and NDRLI. Koottickal, Poonjar-Thekkekara, Moonnilavu, Thalanad, 
                         and Koruthodu are the LSGs that are highly susceptible to 
                         landslides. The identification of landslide-susceptible areas 
                         using diversified techniques will aid decision-makers in 
                         identifying critical infrastructure at risk and alternate routes 
                         for emergency evacuation of people to safer terrain during an 
                         exigency.",
                  doi = "10.3390/land12020468",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020468",
                 issn = "2073-445X",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "land-12-00468.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "30 jun. 2024"
}