@Article{IvoRibeMatiBond:2023:ToCoAn,
               author = "Ivo, Andr{\'e} Aparecido de Souza and Ribeiro, Sheila Granato and 
                         Matiello Francisco, Maria de F{\'a}tima and Bondavalli, Andrea",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {University of Florence}",
                title = "Toward Conceptual Analysis of Cyber-Physical Systems Projects 
                         Focusing on the Composition of Legacy Systems",
              journal = "IEEE Access",
                 year = "2023",
               volume = "11",
                pages = "58136--58158",
             keywords = "System of systems, cyber-physical systems, Internet of Things, 
                         systems engineering, model-based system engineering.",
             abstract = "The increase in connectivity and the continued need to evolve 
                         existing systems impose on system engineers the reality of dealing 
                         with System of Systems (SoS) concept in practice. The composition 
                         of legacy systems presents significant challenges, especially when 
                         a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is involved. Due to the complexity 
                         of the interactions between CPS computational solutions and the 
                         physical environment, added to the operational independence of CPS 
                         as constituent system, emergent behaviors might unpredictably 
                         emerge when the CPS and other system run to collaborate being 
                         difficult to control. The purpose of this article is to present 
                         the Discovery and Requirement Canvas method and its contributions 
                         on highlighting emergent behavior. Introduced in the context of 
                         EMBED-SoSE approach, the method supports the process of designing 
                         a CPSoS in the early phases of a project, when the stakeholders' 
                         needs, constraints, and alternatives must be analyzed in terms of 
                         the integration possibilities of existing constituent systems. An 
                         experimental study conducted with 22 senior professionals from the 
                         software and aerospace industries validates the practicability of 
                         the method Discovery \& Requirement Canvas demonstrating its 
                         efficacy. The results of the experiment are compared using 
                         descriptive and inferential statistics. In addition, the method 
                         was applied to a real-world case study in the field of monitoring 
                         natural disasters.",
                  doi = "10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3284039",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3284039",
                 issn = "2169-3536",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "
                         
                         Toward_Conceptual_Analysis_of_Cyber-Physical_Systems_Projects_Focusing_on_the_Composition_of_Legacy_Systems.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "28 jun. 2024"
}