@Article{BalanYSRBALKOSA:2011:StStRe,
author = "Balan, N and Yamamoto, M. and Sreeja, V and Ravindran, S. and
Batista, I. S. and Abdu, Mangalathayil Ali and Lynn, KJW and
Kikuchi, T. and Otsuka, Y. and Shokawa, K and Alex, S.",
affiliation = "Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England and Kyoto
Univ, RISH, Kyoto 6110011, Japan and Vikram Sarabhai Space Ctr,
Space Phys Lab, Trivandrum 695022, Kerala, India and Vikram
Sarabhai Space Ctr, Space Phys Lab, Trivandrum 695022, Kerala,
India and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and
{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and Ionospher
Syst Res, Noosaville, Qld 4566, Australia and Nagoya Univ, STE
Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan and Nagoya Univ, STE Lab,
Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan and Nagoya Univ, STE Lab, Nagoya,
Aichi 4648601, Japan and Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai
410218, India",
title = "A statistical study of the response of the dayside equatorial F(2)
layer to the main phase of intense geomagnetic storms as an
indicator of penetration electric field",
journal = "Journal of Applied Geophysics",
year = "2011",
volume = "116",
pages = "A06312",
month = "Mar.",
keywords = "F-REGION, DISTURBANCE DYNAMO, ADDITIONAL LAYER, MAGNETIC STORM,
PLASMA DRIFTS, SOLAR-WIND, IONOSPHERE, SYSTEM.",
abstract = "The response of the dayside equatorial F(2) layer to the main
phases of the 22 intense geomagnetic storms (Dst < -150 nT) in
1998-2008 is investigated using the digital ionosonde data from
the equatorial stations in Brazilian, Indian, and Australian
longitudes together with equatorial electrojet strength and IMF
B(z); the storms include 15 superstorms (Dst < -200 nT). The
observations show that there is a period during all MPs when the
F(2) layer peak rises (and falls) rapidly with large peak electron
density (Nmax) reduction, the rise velocity strongly correlates
with the intensity (Dst) of the storms, and the duration of the
Nmax reduction corresponds to that of strong eastward electrojet
when IMF Bz remains highly negative. The observations indicate the
occurrence of strong eastward prompt penetration electric fields
(PPEF) during the rapid F(2) layer response. The PPEF drives the
F(2) layer peak rapidly upward, which reduces Nmax due to vertical
expansion and diffusion. The results therefore suggest that the
rapid F(2) layer response (rapid rise (and fall) of peak height
(hmax) with large Nmax reduction) observed by ionosondes can be
used to detect the occurrence of the daytime eastward PPEF during
intense geomagnetic storms irrespective of season and level of
solar activity. The data also show two rare events of strong
daytime westward electric fields due to disturbance dynamo and/or
prompt penetration. The results are important when radars are not
available to monitor the occurrence of the PPEF.",
doi = "10.1029/2010JA016001",
url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JA016001",
issn = "0926-9851",
label = "self-archiving-INPE-MCTIC-GOV-BR",
language = "en",
targetfile = "Balan-JGR-v116-AO3323-2010JA016001[1].pdf",
urlaccessdate = "29 jun. 2024"
}