@Article{MandaiBMBAUAAALCDJCBFRM:2024:TwDeCl,
               author = "Mandai, Silvia Sayuri and Branco, Evandro Albiach and Moretto, 
                         Evandro Mateus and Barros, Jocilene Dantas and Alves, Guilherme 
                         Prado and Utsunomiya, Renata and Arcoverde, Gustavo Felipe 
                         Balu{\'e} and Assahira, Cyro and Arantes, Caroline C. and Lobo, 
                         Guilherme de Sousa and Calvi, Miqu{\'e}ias Freitas and Doria, 
                         Carolina Rodrigues da Costa and Johansen, Igor Cavalline and 
                         Carreiro, Gabriela Alves and Bonavigo, Paulo Henrique and 
                         Ferronato, Marcelo Lucian and Reis, Vanessa Cristine e Souza and 
                         Moran, Em{\'{\i}}lio Federico",
          affiliation = "{Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo 
                         (USP)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Universidade de 
                         S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and 
                         {West Virginia University} and {Universidade Estadual de Campinas 
                         (UNICAMP)} and {Universidade Federal do Par{\'a} (UFPA)} and 
                         {Universidade Federal de Rond{\^o}nia (UFRO)} and {Universidade 
                         Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o 
                         Paulo (USP)} and {A{\c{c}}{\~a}o Ecol{\'o}gica Guapor{\'e}} 
                         and {A{\c{c}}{\~a}o Ecol{\'o}gica Guapor{\'e}} and 
                         {Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)} and {Michigan State 
                         University}",
                title = "Two decades of clear-cutting threats in the Brazilian Amazonian 
                         protected areas around the Jirau, Santo Ant{\^o}nio, and Belo 
                         Monte large dams",
              journal = "Journal of Environmental Management",
                 year = "2024",
               volume = "359",
                pages = "e120864",
                month = "May",
             keywords = "Amazonia, Environmental policies, Forest loss, Indigenous Land, 
                         PADDD, Post-dams.",
             abstract = "Deforestation rates in the Amazon have markedly increased in the 
                         last few years, affecting non-protected and protected areas (PAs). 
                         Brazil is a hotspot of Protected Area Downgrading, Downsizing, and 
                         Degazettement (PADDD) events, with most events associated with 
                         infrastructure projects. Despite the threats dams impose on PAs, 
                         there is a knowledge gap in assessing deforestation in PAs around 
                         large dams in the Amazon. This study investigates how 
                         deforestation affects Biodiversity Protection Areas (BioPAs) and 
                         Indigenous Lands around the Jirau and Santo Ant{\^o}nio (JSA) 
                         dams (Madeira River, Rond{\^o}nia) and Belo Monte dam (Xingu 
                         River, Par{\'a}) in the Brazilian Amazon. We compared 
                         clear-cutting between PAs and control areas and the annual rates 
                         of forest change between pre-dam and post-dam periods. We 
                         discussed deforestation-related factors (e.g., PADDD events and 
                         the presence of management plans or councils). Our results show an 
                         increase in deforestation after the operation of the dams when 
                         environmental control from licensing agencies decreases and other 
                         political and economic factors are in practice. Indigenous Lands 
                         experienced a significant increase in deforestation around the 
                         Belo Monte dam, which is associated with the demarcation process 
                         and land conflicts. Surrounding the JSA dams, sustainable use 
                         BioPAs showed high deforestation rates, and 27 PADDD events were 
                         reported, four directly related to dams. In addition to dams, 
                         deforestation was associated with the crisis of Brazilian 
                         democracy and the weakening of environmental policies. In 
                         conclusion, the weak environmental control from environmental 
                         licensing agencies during dam operation and PADDD events have 
                         contributed to increased deforestation rates and additional 
                         stresses in the Amazon.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120864",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120864",
                 issn = "0301-4797",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "1-s2.0-S0301479724008508-main.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "16 jun. 2024"
}